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Root apical meristem diversity and the origin of roots: insights from extant lycophytes.
Journal of Plant Research ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-30 , DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01167-2
Rieko Fujinami 1 , Toshihiro Yamada 2 , Ryoko Imaichi 3
Affiliation  

The independent origin of roots in lycophytes and euphyllophytes has been proposed, mainly based on paleobotanical records. However, the question of how roots evolved within these lineages remains unresolved. Root apical meristem (RAM) organization in lycophytes would provide a clue toward understanding the early evolution of roots. Recently, we examined RAM organization in lycophytes (Lycopodiaceae, Isoetaceae, and Selaginellaceae) in terms of cell division activity and anatomy, comparing RAM among vascular plants. Lycophyte RAM exhibited four organization types (I, II, III, and apical); thus, RAM organization in extant lycophytes was more diverse than expected. Type I RAM contained a region with very low cell division frequency, reminiscent of the quiescent center (QC) in seed plant RAM. Although some euphyllophyte RAMs were structurally similar to types II and III and apical cell-type RAM, lycophyte RAM of types II and III had no QC-like area. These results support the paleobotanical predictions that roots evolved several times in lycophytes, as well as in euphyllophytes. In this review, we also introduce recent findings on RAM organization in extant lycophytes and discuss the origin of roots in vascular plants.

中文翻译:

根尖分生组织的多样性和根的起源:来自现存的苔藓植物的见解。

主要根据古植物学记录,提出了在苔藓植物和真生植物中根的独立起源。但是,关于根在这些谱系中如何进化的问题仍未解决。苔藓植物中的根尖分生组织(RAM)将为了解根的早期进化提供线索。最近,我们从细胞分裂活性和解剖学方面研究了苔藓植物(茄科,茄科和卷柏科)的RAM组织,比较了维管植物之间的RAM。苔藓植物RAM表现出四种组织类型(I,II,III和顶端)。因此,现存的苔藓植物中的RAM组织比预期的要多样化。I型RAM包含一个细胞分裂频率非常低的区域,让人联想到种子植物RAM中的静态中心(QC)。尽管一些真生植物RAM在结构上与II型和III型以及顶端细胞型RAM类似,但II型和III型的藻类RAM没有类似QC的区域。这些结果支持了古植物学的预测,即根在藻生植物和真生植物中进化了数次。在这篇综述中,我们还介绍了有关现存的苔藓植物中RAM组织的最新发现,并讨论了维管植物根的起源。
更新日期:2020-01-30
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