OBJECTIVE  The aim of this study was to evaluate the ex vivo effects of sequential cranial cruciate ligament transection (CCLx), medial meniscal release (MMR) and triple tibial osteotomy (TTO) on canine stifle stability compared with the intact state, across a wide range of joint angles. STUDY DESIGN  Nine right hind limb preparations were instrumented to provide constant quadriceps and gastrocnemius loads in a 3:1 ratio, and extended from full flexion during fluoroscopic recording. Recordings were repeated after each of CCLx, MMR and TTO. Fluoroscopic landmarks were used to calculate tibial subluxation and patellar ligament angle. RESULTS Medial meniscal release resulted in additional cranial tibial subluxation compared with CCLx. Triple tibial osteotomy restored stifle stability up to a joint angle of 125 degrees. The presence of the crossover angle could be inferred from the patellar ligament angle and subluxation curves. CONCLUSION  Our results suggest that in the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle, the crossover angle at which loading shifts between the caudal and cranial cruciate ligaments is dependent on both loading and integrity of the medial meniscus. Triple tibial osteotomy improves stifle stability over a wide range of joint angles under a quadricep to gastrocnemius loading ratio of 3:1 by converting cranial tibial thrust to caudal tibial thrust, due to TTO increasing the amount of joint extension required to reach the crossover angle.

中文翻译：

---

建模颅交叉韧带横断，内侧半月板释放和三胫骨截骨术对犬窒息关节的稳定性的影响。

目的本研究的目的是评估与完整状态相比，连续颅交叉韧带横断（CCLx），内侧半月板释放（MMR）和三胫胫骨截骨术（TTO）对犬窒息稳定性的离体作用关节角度。研究设计九种右后肢准备工作器械，以提供恒定的股四头肌和腓肠肌负荷为3：1的比率，并在荧光镜下记录时从完全屈曲延伸。在CCLx，MMR和TTO中的每一个之后重复记录。荧光透视标志物用于计算胫骨半脱位和pa韧带角度。结果与CCLx相比，内侧半月板释放导致额外的颅骨半脱位。胫骨三节截骨术可恢复Stifle稳定性，直至关节角达到125度。交叉角的存在可以从the韧带角度和半脱位曲线推断出来。结论我们的结果表明，在颅交叉韧带缺陷型窒息物中，尾部和颅交叉韧带之间的载荷转移的交叉角度取决于内侧半月板的载荷和完整性。由于TTO增加了达到交叉角度所需的关节伸展量，三重胫骨截骨术在将四肢的腓肠肌推力转换为尾胫骨推力的情况下，在四头肌与腓肠肌的3：1载重比下，在较大的关节角范围内提高了膝关节的稳定性。负载在尾部和颅交叉韧带之间转移的交叉角度取决于内侧半月板的负荷和完整性。由于TTO增加了达到交叉角度所需的关节伸展量，三重胫骨截骨术在将四肢的腓肠肌推力转换为尾胫骨推力的情况下，在四头肌与腓肠肌的3：1载重比下，在较大的关节角范围内提高了膝关节的稳定性。载荷在尾部和颅交叉韧带之间转移的交叉角既取决于载荷又取决于半月板的完整性。由于TTO增加了达到交叉角所需的关节伸展量，三重胫骨截骨术通过将颅骨胫骨推力转换为尾胫骨推力，在四头肌与腓肠肌的3：1负重比下，在较宽的关节角范围内提高了膝关节的稳定性。