The aim of the present study is to eliminate the bioinertness of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material and to increase its osteogenic activity by applying a number of surface modifications in order to discover the most effective method. First, the surface of the bare PEEK (B-PEEK) was mechanically modified by sandblasting (S-PEEK). As a second method, physical modification was provided by etching of B-PEEK in 10 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at 60 °C for 48 h (N-PEEK). Following the sandblasting, S-PEEK samples were also etched with NaOH to obtain SN-PEEK samples. In order to increase osteogenic activity of the mechanically and/or physically modified PEEK samples, they were coated with boron-doped nanohydroxyapatite (B-nHAp) in the presence of microwave energy. Thus, B-PEEK/B-nHAp, S-PEEK/B-nHAp, N-PEEK/B-nHAp and SN-PEEK/B-nHAp samples were obtained. While water contact angles and surface roughness of the B-PEEK samples increased after modification, hydrophilicity increased with B-nHAp coating. Cell culture results demonstrated that high proliferation and differentiation capacities of MC3T3-E1 cells were obtained on the B-nHAP-coated surfaces compared to uncoated specimens. However, channeled texture of both the N-PEEK and N-PEEK/B-nHAp samples enhanced Col1a1 mRNA expression and collagen secretion in addition to increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity when compared to other groups. As a result, it was determined that the bioactivity increased on the modified PEEK surfaces, but the most effective osteogenic activity was provided with B-nHAp coatings. The synergetic effect of NaOH etching and B-nHAp coatings might be used as a promising surface modification method to use PEEK material in orthopedic and dental applications with increased osteogenic activity.

中文翻译：

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NaOH 蚀刻/硼掺杂的纳米羟基磷灰石涂层 PEEK 植入物可增强成骨细胞的增殖和分化。

本研究的目的是消除聚醚醚酮 (PEEK) 材料的生物惰性并通过应用多种表面改性来增加其成骨活性，以发现最有效的方法。首先，通过喷砂 (S-PEEK) 对裸 PEEK (B-PEEK) 的表面进行机械改性。作为第二种方法，通过在 10 M 氢氧化钠 (NaOH) 溶液中在 60 °C 下蚀刻 B-PEEK 48 小时来提供物理改性 (N-PEEK)。在喷砂之后，S-PEEK 样品也用 NaOH 蚀刻以获得 SN-PEEK 样品。为了增加机械和/或物理改性的 PEEK 样品的成骨活性，它们在微波能量存在下涂有硼掺杂的纳米羟基磷灰石 (B-nHAp)。因此，B-PEEK/B-nHAp、S-PEEK/B-nHAp、获得了 N-PEEK/B-nHAp 和 SN-PEEK/B-nHAp 样品。虽然改性后 B-PEEK 样品的水接触角和表面粗糙度增加，但 B-nHAp 涂层的亲水性增加。细胞培养结果表明，与未包被的标本相比，在 B-nHAP 包被的表面上获得了 MC3T3-E1 细胞的高增殖和分化能力。然而，与其他组相比，N-PEEK 和 N-PEEK/B-nHAp 样品的通道纹理除了增加碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 活性外，还增强了 Col1a1 mRNA 表达和胶原蛋白分泌。结果表明，改性 PEEK 表面的生物活性增加，但 B-nHAp 涂层提供了最有效的成骨活性。