This review aims to present data on the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and urinary bladder cancer (BC), especially of the subtype squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Furthermore, the current data on the relation between p16, HPV, and BC are reviewed. PubMed was searched for 'Humans' [MESH] AND 'Papillomaviridae' [MESH] AND 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms' [MESH], resulting in 157 potential articles. After profound reviewing, 18 articles were included in this review. Only original articles in English were included. A variable number of HPV genotypes in a small number of cases have been investigated in several studies with various methodology. HPV was present in 0-100% of cases depending on inclusion and exclusion criteria. SCC studies are mostly hampered by low number of cases whereas the few studies with a high number show a slightly higher prevalence of different HPV genotypes compared to pure urothelial carcinoma. Studies on p16 status in HPV positive cases are even more scarcely reported and show conflicting results. Most studies fail to prove clear-cut relevance of HPV in BC irrespectively of histological subtype. Negative p16 staining cannot rule out positive HPV status.

中文翻译：

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再次探讨人乳头瘤病毒和膀胱癌。

这篇综述旨在提供有关人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）和膀胱癌（BC），尤其是亚型鳞状细胞癌（SCC）之间的关联数据。此外，回顾了有关p16，HPV和BC之间关系的当前数据。在PubMed中搜索了“人类” [MESH]和“ Papillomaviridae” [MESH]和“泌尿膀胱肿瘤” [MESH]，共有157篇潜在文章。经过深入的审查，该审查包括18篇文章。仅包括英文原文。在少数情况下，使用不同方法对几种HPV基因型进行了可变数目的研究。根据纳入和排除标准，HPV占0-100％。SCC研究多数受到病例数的限制，而少数研究数目较高，与纯尿路上皮癌相比，不同HPV基因型的患病率略高。关于HPV阳性病例中p16状况的研究报道甚少，并且显示出相互矛盾的结果。不论组织学亚型如何，大多数研究都未能证明HPV在BC中具有明确的相关性。p16阴性染色不能排除HPV阳性。