Demand on optical or photonic applications in the visible or short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectra, such as vision, virtual or augmented displays, imaging, spectroscopy, remote sensing (LIDAR), chemical reaction sensing, microscopy, and photonic integrated circuits, has envisaged new type of subwavelength-featured materials and devices for controlling electromagnetic waves. The study on metasurfaces, of which the thickness is either comparable to or smaller than the wavelength of the considered incoming electromagnetic wave, has been grown rapidly to embrace the needs of developing sub 100-micron active photonic pixelated devices and their arrayed form. Meta-atoms in metasurfaces are now actively controlled under external stimuli to lead to a large phase shift upon the incident light, which has provided a huge potential for arrayed two-dimensional active optics. This short review summarizes actively tunable or reconfigurable metasurfaces for the visible or SWIR spectra, to account for the physical operating principles and the current issues to overcome.

中文翻译：

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适用于可见光和短波红外应用的可调谐超表面。

对可见光或短波红外 (SWIR) 光谱中光学或光子应用的需求，例如视觉、虚拟或增强显示、成像、光谱学、遥感 (LIDAR)、化学反应传感、显微镜和光子集成电路设想了用于控制电磁波的新型亚波长特征材料和器件。对厚度与所考虑的入射电磁波的波长相当或小于的超表面的研究已经迅速发展，以满足开发亚 100 微米有源光子像素化器件及其阵列形式的需求。超表面中的元原子现在可以在外部刺激下受到主动控制，从而在入射光上产生大的相移，这为阵列二维有源光学器件提供了巨大的潜力。这篇简短的评论总结了可见光或短波红外光谱的主动可调谐或可重构超表面，以解释物理操作原理和当前需要克服的问题。