Introduction: Peanut allergy has continued to increase in prevalence and despite efforts to prevent the allergy with early peanut introduction, treatments for those already with the allergy have been lacking. While the physical effects of peanut allergy have been well known, what has more recently begun to be discussed are the broad psychosocial and financial implications that are also related to the allergy. Oral (OIT), epicutaneous (EPIT), and sublingual (SLIT) immunotherapy have been developed as potential treatments for peanut allergy.Areas covered: Pivotal clinical trials in OIT, EPIT, and SLIT from the past 10 years are reviewed in this manuscript. Peanut OIT has been shown to induce strong desensitization; however, side effects and safety of the treatment have remained a concern. Peanut EPIT has demonstrated a reassuring safety profile but with a more modest protective effect. Peanut SLIT has remained behind in development but recent studies have suggested a balance of desensitization, safety, and convenience.Expert opinion: There are no perfect treatments for peanut allergy and OIT, EPIT, and SLIT each has its unique pros and cons. Shared decision-making between patients and providers will be essential to achieve optimal care for patients with peanut allergy.

中文翻译：

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花生过敏的免疫疗法。

简介：花生过敏症的患病率持续上升，尽管尽早采取了预防花生过敏症的措施，但仍缺乏针对已经过敏的人的治疗方法。尽管花生过敏的物理作用已广为人知，但最近开始讨论的是与过敏有关的广泛的社会心理和经济影响。已开发出口服（OIT），表皮（EPIT）和舌下（SLIT）免疫疗法作为治疗花生过敏的潜在方法。涵盖的领域：本文回顾了过去10年中OIT，EPIT和SLIT的关键临床试验。花生OIT已显示出强烈的脱敏作用。然而，副作用和治疗的安全性仍然是一个问题。花生EPIT已显示出令人放心的安全性，但具有更适度的保护作用。花生SLIT的发展一直滞后，但最近的研究表明脱敏性，安全性和便利性之间取得了平衡。专家意见：目前尚无完美的花生过敏治疗方法，OIT，EPIT和SLIT都有各自的优缺点。患者和提供者之间的共同决策对于获得花生过敏患者的最佳护理至关重要。