Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with clinical symptoms of neuroinflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system. Recently, herbal medicines are clinically effective against MS as the current disease-modifying drugs have limited effectiveness. Hence, the present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of Ocimum basilicum essential oil (OB) in ethidium bromide (EB)-induced cognitive deficits in the male rats. Further, the effect of OB (50, 100 and 200 μL/kg) was evaluated on EB-induced neuroinflammation, astrogliosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of the animals. The EB was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into hippocampus to induce MS-like manifestations in the rats. OB (100 and 200 μL/kg) and Ursolic acid (UA) significantly reduced the EB-induced cognitive deficits in Morris water maze and Y-maze test paradigms. OB (100 and 200 μL/kg) and UA significantly attenuated the EB-induced neuroinflammation in terms of increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) in the rat PFC. Further, OB (100 and 200 μL/kg) and UA significantly attenuated the EB-induced astrogliosis in terms of increase in the levels of GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein) and Iba-1 (Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1) in the rat PFC. In addition, OB (100 and 200 μL/kg) and UA significantly attenuated the EB-induced decrease in the mitochondrial function, integrity, respiratory control rate and ADP/O in the PFC of the rodents. Moreover, OB (100 and 200 μL/kg) and UA significantly reduced the EB-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in the PFC of the rat. Hence, it can be presumed that OB could be a potential alternative drug candidate in the pharmacotherapy of MS.

中文翻译：

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罗勒可减轻溴化乙锭引起的大鼠认知缺陷和前额皮质神经炎症、星形胶质细胞增生和线粒体功能障碍。

多发性硬化症（MS）是一种慢性神经退行性疾病，具有中枢神经系统神经炎症和脱髓鞘的临床症状。最近，草药在临床上对多发性硬化症有效，因为目前的疾病缓解药物效果有限。因此，本研究评估了罗勒精油（OB）对溴化乙锭（EB）诱导的雄性大鼠认知缺陷的治疗潜力。此外，还评估了 OB（50、100 和 200 μL/kg）对 EB 诱导的动物前额皮质 (PFC) 神经炎症、星形胶质细胞增生和线粒体功能障碍的影响。通过双侧脑室内途径将 EB 注射到海马体中，以诱导大鼠出现 MS 样表现。OB（100 和 200 μL/kg）和熊果酸（UA）显着降低了 Morris 水迷宫和 Y 迷宫测试范式中 EB 诱导的认知缺陷。OB（100 和 200 μL/kg）和 UA 显着减轻了 EB 诱导的神经炎症，增加了大鼠 PFC 中促炎细胞因子（TNF-α 和 IL-6）的水平。此外，OB（100 和 200 μL/kg）和 UA 显着减弱了 EB 诱导的星形胶质细胞增生，增加了 GFAP（胶质纤维酸性蛋白）和 Iba-1（离子钙结合接头分子 1）的水平。大鼠 PFC。此外，OB（100和200μL/kg）和UA显着减轻了EB引起的啮齿动物PFC中线粒体功能、完整性、呼吸控制率和ADP/O的降低。此外，OB（100和200μL/kg）和UA显着减少了EB诱导的大鼠PFC中线粒体依赖性细胞凋亡。因此，可以推测OB可能是MS药物治疗中潜在的替代候选药物。