Oleaginous yeasts are a renewable and alternative source of oil for third-generation biodiesel. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of glucose concentration (30–100 g L−1) on growth, lipid synthesis, and fatty acids (FA) profile of three Rhodotorula spp. (R. glacialis R15, R. glutinis R4, and R. glutinis R48) isolated from Antarctica, and estimate the key quality parameters of the biodiesel produced by yeasts to confirm their potential as feedstocks for third-generation biodiesel synthesis. Yeasts accumulated 50–69.5% of lipids (w/w) under nitrogen-limitation and glucose-excess (C/N = 40–133). Glucose concentration increase influenced positively lipid accumulation (69.5% w/w) and FA profile of R. glacialis R15. Lipid accumulation (53% on average) of R. glutinis strains was not significantly affected by glucose concentration; content of saturated (~ 30%) and polyunsaturated FA (~ 29–30%) was slightly influenced. FA profiles of lipids synthesized by R15, R4, and R48 are similar to vegetable oils used in biodiesel industry with C16 and C18 FA (95–99%) as the major components, and contain mainly oleic (C18:1), palmitic (C16:0), and linoleic (C18:2) acids, which are suitable for biodiesel synthesis. Estimated fuel properties for biodiesel produced by R15, R4, and R48 satisfied all the criteria established by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 with good cetane number, iodine value, and oxidation stability. An improvement in biodiesel quality of R15 was observed with the glucose increase. The best global properties of biodiesel from R4 were obtained with 30 g L−1 of glucose. Rhodotorula spp. from Antarctica are promising candidates for third-generation biodiesel synthesis.

中文翻译：

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红酵母属植物的脂肪酸分布和生物柴油质量参数的估计。来自南极洲

含油酵母是第三代生物柴油的可再生和替代油源。这项工作旨在评估葡萄糖浓度（30-100 g L-1）对三种红酵母属的生长、脂质合成和脂肪酸 (FA) 谱的影响。（R. glacialis R15、R. glutinis R4 和 R. glutinis R48）从南极洲分离出来，并估计酵母生产的生物柴油的关键质量参数，以确认它们作为第三代生物柴油合成原料的潜力。在氮限制和葡萄糖过量 (C/N = 40–133) 下，酵母积累了 50–69.5% 的脂质 (w/w)。葡萄糖浓度增加对 R. glacialis R15 的脂质积累 (69.5% w/w) 和 FA 谱产生积极影响。R. glutinis 菌株的脂质积累（平均 53%）不受葡萄糖浓度的显着影响；饱和 (~ 30%) 和多不饱和 FA (~ 29–30%) 的含量受到轻微影响。R15、R4 和 R48 合成的脂类的 FA 谱类似于生物柴油工业中使用的植物油，以 C16 和 C18 FA（95-99%）为主要成分，主要含有油酸（C18:1）、棕榈酸（C16 :0) 和亚油酸 (C18:2)，适用于生物柴油合成。由 R15、R4 和 R48 生产的生物柴油的估计燃料特性满足 ASTM D6751 和 EN 14214 制定的所有标准，具有良好的十六烷值、碘值和氧化稳定性。随着葡萄糖的增加，观察到 R15 的生物柴油质量有所改善。来自 R4 的生物柴油的最佳整体特性是使用 30 g L-1 葡萄糖获得的。红酵母属 来自南极洲的有希望的第三代生物柴油合成候选者。