Erysipelothrix piscisicarius is an emergent pathogen in fish aquaculture, particularly in the ornamental fish trade. Very little is known on the biology of this pathogen; however, the recurrence of infection and disease outbreaks after removing the fish from a system and disinfecting the tank suggest its environmental persistence. Moreover, biofilm lifestyle in E. piscisicarius has been suspected but not previously shown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the formation of biofilms on an abiotic surface in Erysipelothrix spp. We used hydroxyapatite-coated plastic pegs to demonstrate the attachment, growth, and persistence of E. piscisicarius on abiotic surfaces in both fresh and marine environments and to investigate the susceptibility of this pathogen to different disinfectants that are used in the aquaculture industry. E. piscisicarius formed biofilms that persisted significantly longer than planktonic cells did in both freshwater and saltwater over a period of 120 h (P = 0.004). The biofilms were also more resistant to disinfectants than the planktonic cells were. Hydrogen peroxide was the most effective disinfectant against E. piscisicarius, and it eradicated the biofilms and planktonic cells at the recommended concentrations. In contrast, Virkon and bleach were able to eradicate only the planktonic cells. This information should be taken into consideration when developing biosecurity protocols in aquaculture systems, aquariums, and private collections.

中文翻译：

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鱼丹毒生物膜的形成、持久性和对消毒剂的抵抗力

Erysipelothrix piscisicarius 是鱼类水产养殖中的一种新兴病原体，特别是在观赏鱼贸易中。关于这种病原体的生物学知之甚少。然而，将鱼从系统中取出并对水箱进行消毒后感染和疾病爆发的复发表明其环境持久性。此外，E. piscisicarius 的生物膜生活方式已被怀疑，但之前未显示。本研究的目的是调查 Erysipelothrix spp 非生物表面上生物膜的形成。我们使用羟基磷灰石涂层的塑料钉来证明鱼腥藻在新鲜和海洋环境中的非生物表面上的附着、生长和持久性，并研究这种病原体对水产养殖业中使用的不同消毒剂的敏感性。E. piscisicarius 形成的生物膜在 120 小时内比浮游细胞在淡水和咸水中持续的时间要长得多（P = 0.004）。与浮游细胞相比，生物膜对消毒剂的抵抗力也更强。过氧化氢是对鱼腥藻最有效的消毒剂，它可以在推荐浓度下根除生物膜和浮游细胞。相比之下，Virkon 和漂白剂只能根除浮游细胞。在水产养殖系统、水族馆和私人收藏中制定生物安全协议时应考虑这些信息。与浮游细胞相比，生物膜对消毒剂的抵抗力也更强。过氧化氢是对鱼腥藻最有效的消毒剂，它可以在推荐浓度下根除生物膜和浮游细胞。相比之下，Virkon 和漂白剂只能根除浮游细胞。在水产养殖系统、水族馆和私人收藏中制定生物安全协议时应考虑这些信息。与浮游细胞相比，生物膜对消毒剂的抵抗力也更强。过氧化氢是对鱼腥藻最有效的消毒剂，它可以在推荐浓度下根除生物膜和浮游细胞。相比之下，Virkon 和漂白剂只能根除浮游细胞。在水产养殖系统、水族馆和私人收藏中制定生物安全协议时应考虑这些信息。