Aim and Objective: Wastewater treatment/remediation is a very important process that has a great environmental and economic impact. Therefore, it is crucial to innovate different methods to remove pollutants of different sources from wastewater. This work was conducted in order to study the removal of lead (Pb+2) from wastewater using microspheres of composites of sodium alginate, cellulose and chitosan, as well as using a cost-effective green route through composites of sodium alginate and dried water hyacinth.

Materials and Methods: Molecular modeling at B3LYP/6-31g(d,p) was utilized to study sodium alginate, cellulose and chitosan. Sodium alginate was cross-linked with calcium chloride to form microspheres, then both sodium alginate/cellulose and sodium alginate/chitosan were also crosslinked as 50/50 to form microspheres. The roots of the aquatic plant water hyacinth in dry form were added to the cross-linked sodium alginate for up to 70%. SEM and FTIR were employed to study the surface of the prepared microspheres and their structures respectively. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to study the levels of Pb.

Results: Molecular modeling indicated that the blending of such structures enhances their ability to bind with surrounding molecules owing to their ability to form hydrogen bonds. SEM results indicated that homogeneous structures of cellulose and chitosan are deformed when blended with sodium alginate, and FTIR confirmed the proper formation of the desired blends. Microspheres from sodium alginate showed the ability to remove Pb+2 from wastewater. SEM indicated further deformation in the morphology with the roughness of sodium alginate/water hyacinth microspheres, while FTIR confirmed the uniform matrices of the microspheres. The removal of Pb+2 was enhanced because of the addition of dried water hyacinth's roots.

Conclusion: Modeling, experimental and kinetic data highlight sodium alginate/water hyacinth root as a green route to remediate Pb+2 from wastewater.

目的和目的：废水处理/修复是一个非常重要的过程，对环境和经济产生巨大影响。因此，创新各种方法以从废水中去除不同来源的污染物至关重要。进行这项工作的目的是研究使用藻酸钠，纤维素和壳聚糖复合材料的微球从废水中去除铅（Pb + 2）的方法，以及通过藻酸钠和风信子复合材料的低成本绿色路线。

材料与方法：利用B3LYP / 6-31g（d，p）的分子模型研究海藻酸钠，纤维素和壳聚糖。海藻酸钠与氯化钙交联形成微球，然后海藻酸钠/纤维素和海藻酸钠/壳聚糖也以50/50交联形成微球。将干燥形式的水生植物风信子的根添加至交联的海藻酸钠中至多70％。用SEM和FTIR分别研究了制备的微球的表面及其结构。原子吸收光谱法用于研究铅的水平。

结果：分子建模表明，由于它们形成氢键的能力，这种结构的混合增强了它们与周围分子结合的能力。SEM结果表明，与藻酸钠混合时，纤维素和壳聚糖的均匀结构变形，并且FTIR证实了所需混合物的适当形成。海藻酸钠中的微球显示出从废水中去除Pb + 2的能力。SEM表明随着藻酸钠/水葫芦微球的粗糙度，形态进一步变形，而FTIR证实了微球的基质均匀。由于添加了风信子干根，因此提高了Pb + 2的去除率。

结论：建模，实验和动力学数据突出了藻酸钠/水葫芦根，是从废水中修复Pb + 2的绿色途径。