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The Will to Fight: Aversion-Induced Aggression and the Role of Motivation in Intergroup Conflicts.
Perspectives on Behavior Science ( IF 3.226 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s40614-019-00221-2
Matthew Lewon 1 , Ramona A Houmanfar 1 , Linda J Hayes 1
Affiliation  

Aggressive behavior is a source of many significant human problems, most notably the catastrophic loss of life and resources that can result from violent conflicts between groups. Aggressive behavior is particularly likely to arise from aversive conditions that function as motivating operations (MOs) that establish the stimulation produced by aggressive acts as reinforcing. We describe the behavior that arises from these circumstances as aversion-induced aggression (AIA) and argue that the MOs associated with AIA are important factors in initiating and sustaining violent conflicts between groups. In support of this, we survey the basic nonhuman research that has demonstrated the aggression-motivating functions of aversive stimuli. We extend our analysis of AIA to humans and describe how the special properties of verbal stimuli serve as the basis for notable differences between AIA in humans and nonhumans. We describe how aversive conditions may be exploited by leaders to establish support for aggression against another group in the pursuit of their objectives. We suggest that conflicts between groups cannot be resolved in the long term unless the motivational conditions from which conflicts arise are alleviated. Aggression is rarely effective in this regard because it exacerbates these conditions. For this reason, we advocate against the use of aggression as a tool for resolving conflicts between groups and consider how behavior science may contribute to the development and evaluation of alternative nonviolent practices.

中文翻译:

战斗意愿:厌恶引起的侵略和动机在群体间冲突中的作用。

攻击性行为是许多重大人类问题的根源,最明显的是,群体之间的暴力冲突可能导致灾难性的生命和资源损失。攻击行为尤其可能是由令人反感的条件引起的,这些条件起着激励操作(MO)的作用,而这些操作确立了由激进行为产生的刺激作为强化。我们将这些情况下的行为描述为厌恶性侵略(AIA),并认为与AIA相关的MO是引发和维持群体之间暴力冲突的重要因素。为此,我们调查了非人类的基础研究,这些研究已经证明了厌恶刺激的侵略动机功能。我们将对AIA的分析扩展到人类,并描述言语刺激的特殊属性如何作为AIA在人类和非人类之间显着差异的基础。我们描述了领导者可能如何利用厌恶条件来支持对另一团体的侵略,以实现他们的目标。我们建议,除非缓解产生冲突的动机条件,否则无法长期解决群体之间的冲突。侵略在这方面很少见效,因为它加剧了这些状况。因此,我们提倡不要将侵略性作为解决群体之间冲突的工具,并考虑行为科学如何促进替代性非暴力行为的发展和评估。
更新日期:2019-08-27
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