Periodontitis is commonly observed and is an important concern in dental health. It is characterized by a multifactorial etiology, including imbalance of oral microbiota, mechanical stress, and systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. The current standard treatments for periodontitis include elimination of the microbial pathogen and application of biomaterials for treating bone defects. However, the periodontal tissue regeneration via a process consistent with the natural tissue formation process has not yet been achieved. Developmental biology studies state that periodontal tissue is composed of neural crest-derived ectomesenchyme. To elucidate the process of periodontal regeneration, it is essential to understand the developmental background and intercellular cross-talk. Several recent studies have reported the efficacy of transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells for periodontal tissue regeneration. In this review, we discuss the basic knowledge of periodontal tissue regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells and highlight the potential of stem cell-based periodontal regenerative medicine.

牙周炎是普遍观察到的并且是牙齿健康中的重要问题。它的病因是多因素的，包括口腔微生物群失调，机械压力和系统性疾病（例如糖尿病）。当前牙周炎的标准治疗方法包括消除微生物病原体和使用生物材料治疗骨缺损。然而，尚未实现通过与天然组织形成过程一致的过程的牙周组织再生。发育生物学研究表明，牙周组织由神经c衍生的外间质组成。为了阐明牙周再生的过程，必须了解发育背景和细胞间串扰。最近的一些研究报道了间充质干细胞移植对牙周组织再生的功效。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了使用间充质干细胞进行牙周组织再生的基本知识，并强调了基于干细胞的牙周再生医学的潜力。