The effectiveness of antibiotics has been challenged by the increasing frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AR), which has emerged as a major threat to global health. Despite the negative impact of AR on health, there are few effective strategies for reducing AR in food-producing animals. Of the antimicrobial resistant microorganisms (ARMs), extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are an emerging global threat due to their increasing prevalence in livestock, even in animals raised without antibiotics. Many reviews are available for the positive selection of AR associated with antibiotic use in livestock, but less attention has been given to how other factors including soil, water, manure, wildlife, and farm workers, are associated with the emergence of ESBL-producing bacteria. Understanding of antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria transfer at the interfaces of livestock and other potential reservoirs will provide insights for the development of mitigation strategies for AR.

中文翻译：

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广谱β-内酰胺酶在当地农场环境和牲畜中的流行：缓解抗菌素耐药性的挑战。

抗生素的有效性一直受到日益增加的抗微生物药耐药性（AR）频率的挑战，这已成为对全球健康的主要威胁。尽管AR对健康有负面影响，但很少有有效的策略可以减少食用动物中的AR。在抗菌抗性微生物（ARMs）中，产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的肠杆菌科细菌正在全球范围内受到威胁，因为它们在牲畜中的患病率呈上升趋势，即使在无抗生素饲养的动物中也是如此。有很多评论可以肯定选择与家畜中使用抗生素有关的AR，但很少关注其他因素，包括土壤，水，肥料，野生生物和农场工人如何与产生ESBL的细菌相关。