Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial microorganisms that may associate with grapevine roots, improving stress tolerance, growth, and nutrition. AM fungi and PGPR enhance the production of plant secondary metabolites, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that play a key role in the interaction of plants with the environment and are involved in defence mechanisms. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of an AM fungus and a rhizobacterium on plant growth and VOCs in Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon roots to gain insight into the potential role of plant-rhizosphere microorganisms in vine growth and defence. Grapevines were inoculated or not with the AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae IN101 and/or the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Ensifer meliloti TSA41. Both microbial strains enhanced plant growth. Fifty-eight VOCs extracted from ground roots were identified using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. VOCs were induced by F. mosseae IN101, increasing up to 87% compared with control plants. Monoterpenes were strongly enhanced by F. mosseae IN101, increasing up to 113% compared with control plants. Interestingly, monoterpene alcohols related to plant defence, such as myrtenol, p-cymen-7-ol, and p-mentha-1.8-dien-7-ol were increased. By contrast, E. meliloti TSA41 did not significantly affect VOCs. The knowledge of the effects of AM fungi and PGPR on grapevine VOCs may contribute to an integrated and sustainable management of vineyards.

中文翻译：

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葡萄的反应 赤霞珠的起源是丛枝菌根真菌Funneliformis mosseae，而促进植物生长的根瘤菌Ensifer meliloti包括挥发性有机化合物的变化。

丛枝菌根（AM）真菌和植物促生根瘤菌（PGPR）是有益的微生物，可与葡萄树的根部相关联，从而改善胁迫耐受性，生长和营养。AM真菌和PGPR可增强植物次生代谢产物的产生，包括挥发性有机化合物（VOC），这些挥发性有机化合物在植物与环境的相互作用中起关键作用，并参与防御机制。这项研究的目的是分析AM真菌和根瘤菌对葡萄（Vitis vinifera cv）中植物生长和VOC的影响。赤霞珠的根源在于深入了解植物-根际微生物在葡萄树生长和防御中的潜在作用。是否用AM真菌Funneliformis mosseae接种葡萄IN101和/或促进植物生长的根瘤菌（Ensifer meliloti） TSA41。两种微生物菌株均能促进植物生长。使用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用技术鉴定了从地根中提取的五十八种挥发性有机化合物。挥发性有机化合物通过诱导F.霉IN101，与对照植物相比增加高达87％。F. mosseae IN101大大增强了单萜的含量，与对照植物相比，单萜的含量提高了113％。有趣的是，增加了与植物防御有关的单萜醇，例如肉豆蔻醇，对-cymen-7-ol和对-mentha-1.8-dien-7-ol。相比之下，E。melilotiTSA41不会显着影响VOC。了解AM真菌和PGPR对葡萄VOC的影响，可能有助于葡萄园的综合和可持续管理。