The cellular stress response (CSR) is pervasive to all domains of life. It has shaped the interaction between organisms and their environment since the origin of the first cell. Although the CSR has been subject to a myriad of nuanced modifications in the various branches of life present today, its core features remain preserved. The scientific literature covering the CSR is enormous and the broad scope of this brief overview was challenging. However, it is critical to conceptually understand how cells respond to stress in a holistic sense and to point out how fundamental aspects of the CSR framework are integrated. It was necessary to be extremely selective and not feasible to even mention many interesting and important developments in this expansive field. The purpose of this overview is to sketch out general and emerging CSR concepts with an emphasis on the initial cellular strain resulting from stress (macromolecular damage) and the evolutionarily most highly conserved elements of the CSR. Examples emphasize fish and aquatic invertebrates to highlight what is known in organisms beyond mammals, yeast, and other common models. Nonetheless, select pioneering studies using canonical models are also considered and the concepts discussed are applicable to all cells. More detail on important aspects of the CSR in aquatic animals is provided in the accompanying articles of this special issue.

中文翻译：

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细胞应激反应机制的演变。

细胞应激反应（CSR）遍及生活的所有领域。自从第一个细胞起源以来，它就已经塑造了生物与环境之间的相互作用。尽管在当今的生活的各个分支中，企业社会责任经历了无数细微的变化，但其核心特征仍然得以保留。涵盖企业社会责任的科学文献非常丰富，这一简短概述的广泛范围具有挑战性。但是，从概念上理解细胞如何从整体意义上应对压力并指出如何整合CSR框架的基本方面至关重要。必须极其挑剔，甚至不可能提及这个广阔领域中许多有趣且重要的发展。本概述的目的是勾勒出通用的和新兴的CSR概念，重点是应力（大分子损伤）和CSR进化上最高度保守的元素导致的初始细胞应变。实例强调了鱼类和水生无脊椎动物，以突出哺乳动物，酵母菌和其他常见模型以外的生物体中已知的东西。尽管如此，还考虑了使用规范模型进行的一些开创性研究，并且所讨论的概念适用于所有单元。本期特刊随附的文章提供了有关水生动物CSR重要方面的更多详细信息。实例强调了鱼类和水生无脊椎动物，以突出哺乳动物，酵母菌和其他常见模型以外的生物体中已知的东西。尽管如此，还考虑了使用规范模型进行的一些开创性研究，并且所讨论的概念适用于所有单元。本期特刊随附的文章提供了有关水生动物CSR重要方面的更多详细信息。实例强调了鱼类和水生无脊椎动物，以突出哺乳动物，酵母菌和其他常见模型以外的生物体中已知的东西。尽管如此，还考虑了使用规范模型进行的一些开创性研究，并且所讨论的概念适用于所有单元。本期特刊随附的文章提供了有关水生动物CSR重要方面的更多详细信息。