Nineteenth-century art historian John Addington Symonds coined the term hæmatomania (blood madness) for the extremely bloodthirsty behaviour of a number of disturbed rulers like Ibrahim II of Ifriqiya (850–902) and Ezzelino da Romano (1194–1259). According to Symonds, this mental pathology was linked to melancholy and caused by an excess of black bile. I explore the historical credibility of this theory of ‘wild melancholy’, a type of melancholia that crucially deviates from the lethargic main type. I conclude that in its pure form Symonds’ black bile theory of hæmatomania was never a broadly supported perspective, but can be traced back to the nosology of the ninth-century physician Ishaq ibn Imran, who practised at the Aghlabid court, to which the sadistic Ibrahim II belonged.

中文翻译：

---

狂野的忧郁：关于血液疯狂或血肿症的黑色胆汁理论的历史合理性

19 世纪艺术史学家约翰·阿丁顿·西蒙兹 (John Addington Symonds) 创造了 hæmatomania（嗜血狂）一词，指代伊夫里奇亚的易卜拉欣二世（Ibrahim II of Ibrahim II，850-902）和埃泽利诺·达·罗马诺（Ezzelino da Romano，1194-1259）等许多不安的统治者的极度嗜血行为。根据西蒙兹的说法，这种精神病理与忧郁有关，并且是由过多的黑胆汁引起的。我探索了这种“狂野忧郁”理论的历史可信度，这是一种严重偏离昏昏欲睡的主要类型的忧郁症。我得出的结论是，西蒙兹关于血肿症的纯黑胆汁理论从来没有得到广泛支持的观点，但可以追溯到 9 世纪医生伊沙克·伊本·伊姆兰 (Ishaq ibn Imran) 的疾病分类学，他在 Aghlabid 宫廷执业，虐待狂易卜拉欣二世属于。