Background: Increasing obesity rates are related to energy intake with carbohydrate and fat ratio. Using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2017 data, we examined the hypothesis that the fat intake and food sources of dietary fats had changed over the last 10 years according to gender and obesity status in adult population ≥19 years. Methods: The food intake of each participant was collected by the 24-hour recall method, and nutrient intake including different fatty acids was calculated. The fatty acid intakes from 7 food groups were determined according to gender and obesity status. Results: Body mass index increased in both genders of the obese group over the decade, but it decreased in the normal-weight group. In men, energy intake was higher in the obese group than in the lean group, but the opposite trend was shown in women. Total fat intake including various fatty acids continuously and sharply increased in both men and women until 2016, then slightly declined only in men. The source of saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake was mainly from the animal food group in men and women regardless of obese status, and SFA and monounsaturated fatty acid from the animal food group gradually increased over time in both genders. N-3 fatty acid intake markedly decreased from fish and crabs and increased from sauces and nuts regardless of genders and the obese status from 2008 to 2017. Polyunsaturated fatty acid and N-6 fatty acid intake increased from bread, cookies, sauces, and nuts regardless of genders and obesity status. Conclusion: Fat intake was higher in obese men, but this was opposite in women. The N-3 fatty acid intake from seafood should increase, and the fat composition in sauce needs to be modulated to increase N-3 fatty acids.

中文翻译：

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使用 KNHANES 2007-2017 年韩国成人人群中不同肥胖状况的脂肪酸摄入趋势及其食物来源

背景：肥胖率的增加与碳水化合物和脂肪比例的能量摄入有关。使用韩国国家健康和营养检查调查 2007-2017 数据，我们检验了过去 10 年中脂肪摄入量和膳食脂肪的食物来源根据 19 岁以上成年人群的性别和肥胖状况发生变化的假设。方法：采用24小时回忆法收集每位参与者的食物摄入量，计算包括不同脂肪酸在内的营养摄入量。根据性别和肥胖状况确定 7 个食物组的脂肪酸摄入量。结果：十年来，肥胖组男女的体重指数均有所增加，但正常体重组的体重指数有所下降。在男性中，肥胖组的能量摄入高于瘦组，但在女性身上却呈现出相反的趋势。直到 2016 年，包括各种脂肪酸在内的总脂肪摄入量在男性和女性中持续且急剧增加，然后仅男性略有下降。无论肥胖状况如何，男性和女性的饱和脂肪酸 (SFA) 摄入来源主要来自动物性食物组，而动物性食物组中的 SFA 和单不饱和脂肪酸在两性中均随时间逐渐增加。从 2008 年到 2017 年，无论性别和肥胖状况，鱼和螃蟹的 N-3 脂肪酸摄入量显着减少，酱汁和坚果中的 N-3 脂肪酸摄入量增加。面包、饼干、酱汁和坚果中的多不饱和脂肪酸和 N-6 脂肪酸摄入量增加不分性别和肥胖状况。结论：肥胖男性的脂肪摄入量较高，而女性则相反。