Bats and dogs are the main reservoirs of rabies virus (RABV) in Latin America and are responsible for the maintenance of different cycles of infection. In the two neighbour and most southern Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC), rabies in dogs has been successfully controlled for more than 30 years. However, rabies associated to the rural cycle remains endemic, with a significant, though oscillating-annual incidence of rabies in cattle. Despite the plethora of studies on genetic analyses of Brazilian RABV, isolates from southern Brazil have only scarcely been investigated. This work was performed to identify the genetic lineages of RABVs circulating in states of RS and SC. Fifty-nine RABV cattle isolates from RS and SC were selected and submitted to reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by sequencing of the nucleoprotein gene. In RS, the circulation of two sublineages (1A and 1B) of RABV was detected, both with characteristics of lineages usually detected in vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus). In SC, only one sublineage of RABV (1B) was detected. Nevertheless, the findings reported here are expected to contribute to the understanding of the biology of the virus in the region and its interactions with the natural host D. rotundus.

中文翻译：

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从巴西南部牛身上分离出的狂犬病病毒的系统发育分析。

蝙蝠和狗是拉丁美洲狂犬病病毒（RABV）的主要宿主，负责维持不同的感染周期。在巴西最南部的两个邻州南里奥格兰德州 (RS) 和圣卡塔琳娜州 (SC)，狗的狂犬病已成功控制了 30 多年。然而，与农村周期相关的狂犬病仍然是地方性流行病，牛的狂犬病发病率虽然每年有波动，但发病率很高。尽管对巴西 RABV 的遗传分析进行了大量研究，但对巴西南部分离株的研究却很少。这项工作的目的是鉴定在 RS 和 SC 州传播的 RABV 的遗传谱系。选择来自 RS 和 SC 的 59 个 RABV 牛分离株并进行逆转录/聚合酶链式反应 (RT-PCR)，然后进行核蛋白基因测序。在RS中，检测到RABV的两个亚系（1A和1B）的循环，两者都具有通常在吸血蝙蝠（Desmodus rotundus）中检测到的谱系特征。在 SC 中，仅检测到 RABV 的一种亚系 (1B)。尽管如此，这里报告的发现预计将有助于了解该地区病毒的生物学及其与自然宿主 D. rotundus 的相互作用。