Many amphibian species reinitiate the processes of preparing for reproduction (e.g. oogenesis) soon after breeding indicating hormone-induced ovulation could potentially be achieved out-of-season, which would lead to higher annual fecundity compared to mono-seasonal breeding. Such strategies would be beneficial to captive breeding programs for threatened species that are short-lived, have aging populations or need large numbers of offspring to meet reintroduction goals for species recovery. Unfortunately, little is known regarding how female anurans respond to multiple ovulation events within a year, which could lead to higher annual fecundity compared to mono-seasonal breeding. Thus, we evaluated the effect of temporal period between exogenous hormone stimulation events on egg production using the Fowler's toad Anaxyrus fowleri as a model species. Female toads (n = 21) were administered hormone therapy twice in 1 year with toads randomly assigned to a treatment of either a 4-, 8- or 12-month recovery period between hormone stimulations. Ovulation was induced using two priming doses of human chorionic gonadotropin (100 IU; hCG) 72 h apart, followed by a resolving dose of hCG (500 IU) plus gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa; 15 μg) given 24 h after the second priming injection. Measured response variables include the number of females ovulating after treatment, total number of eggs produced and percent fertilization, neurula and tadpole development. No significant treatment effects were observed for any response variable (P > 0.05). Findings from this study suggest that hormone therapy can be administered in a bufonid species every 4 or 8 months without significantly affecting the number of ovulating females, egg production, fertilization, neurulation or tadpole development. By collecting gametes out-of-season or multiple times throughout the year, captive breeding programs could potentially increase tadpole production for reintroductions as well as extend the breeding window in captivity.

中文翻译：

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对雌性福勒蟾蜍蛤An（Anaxyrus fowleri）进行激素诱导排卵尝试之间不同时间段的评估。

许多两栖动物物种在繁殖后不久就重新开始准备繁殖的过程（例如卵子发生），这表明激素诱导的排卵可能会在反季节获得，与单季节繁殖相比，这将导致更高的年繁殖力。这样的策略将有利于短命，种群老化或需要大量后代的受威胁物种的圈养繁殖计划，以满足物种恢复的再引入目标。不幸的是，关于雌性无尾猴如何在一年内应对多种排卵事件知之甚少，与单季节繁殖相比，这可能导致更高的年繁殖力。因此，我们使用Fowler评估了外源激素刺激事件之间的时间间隔对产蛋量的影响 蟾蜍Anaxyrus fowleri作为模型物种。雌性蟾蜍（n = 21）在1年中接受过两次激素治疗，其中蟾蜍随机分配为在激素刺激之间恢复4、8或12个月的治疗期。间隔72小时使用两次灌注剂量的绒毛膜促性腺激素（100 IU; hCG）诱导排卵，然后在第二次灌注后24 h给予分辨剂量的hCG（500 IU）加促性腺激素释放激素类似物（GnRHa; 15μg）。注射。测得的反应变量包括治疗后排卵的雌性数量，产卵总数和受精率，神经元和t发育。对于任何反应变量，均未观察到明显的治疗效果（P> 0.05）。这项研究的发现表明，激素疗法可以每4或8个月在bufonid物种中使用一次，而不会显着影响排卵雌性的数量，产卵量，受精能力，营养或or的发育。通过一年四季不定期或多次收集配子，圈养繁殖计划可能会增加production的繁殖量，以便重新引入，并扩大圈养的繁殖期。