We aimed to determine the association between alcohol consumption change on fasting serum glucose, insulin resistance, and beta cell function. The study population consisted of 55,858 men from the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. Participants were divided into non-, light, moderate, and heavy drinkers for each of the first and second health examinations based on a self-reported questionnaire on alcohol consumption. The adjusted mean values for change in fasting serum glucose (FSG), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell function (HOMA-β) levels were determined according to alcohol consumption change by linear regression. Compared to sustained initial drinkers, those who increased alcohol intake to moderate (p < 0.001) and heavy (p < 0.001) levels had increased FSG levels. In contrast, reduction in alcohol intake to light levels among initial heavy drinkers was associated with reduced change in FSG levels (p = 0.007) compared to sustained heavy drinkers. No significant associations were observed between changes in alcohol intake with HOMA-IR levels. Compared to sustained light drinkers, those who increased alcohol intake to moderate (p < 0.001) and heavy (p = 0.009) levels had lower increases in HOMA-β levels. Finally, compared to sustained heavy drinkers, those who reduced alcohol consumption to light levels had greater increases in HOMA-β levels (p = 0.002). Increases in alcohol consumption were associated with higher blood glucose levels and worsened beta cell function. Heavy drinkers who reduce alcohol intake could benefit from improved blood glucose control via improved beta cell function.

中文翻译：

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饮酒量变化与韩国男性空腹血糖，胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能的关系。

我们旨在确定空腹血清葡萄糖摄入量变化，胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能之间的关联。研究人群包括来自Kangbuk Samsung Health Study的55858名男性。根据自我报告的饮酒量调查表，参与者在第一次和第二次健康检查中分别分为非饮酒者，轻度饮酒，中度饮酒和重度饮酒者。根据通过线性回归的酒精消耗变化，确定空腹血糖（FSG）变化，胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）和β细胞功能（HOMA-β）水平的调整平均值。与持续饮酒的人相比，将酒精摄入量增加至中度（p <0.001）和重度（p <0.001）的人的FSG水平增加。相反，与持续大量饮酒的人相比，最初大量饮酒的人将酒精摄入量减少至轻度水平与FSG水平变化的减少有关（p = 0.007）。酒精摄入量变化与HOMA-IR水平之间未发现显着关联。与持续饮酒的人相比，那些将酒精摄入量增加至中度（p <0.001）和重度（p = 0.009）的人的HOMA-β水平增加幅度较小。最后，与持续大量饮酒的人相比，将酒精摄入量减少到轻度水平的人的HOMA-β水平增加幅度更大（p = 0.002）。饮酒量的增加与血糖水平升高和β细胞功能恶化有关。减少酒精摄入量的重度饮酒者可以通过改善β细胞功能来改善血糖控制。