BACKGROUND The traditional navigation interface was intended only for two-dimensional observation by doctors; thus, this interface does not display the total spatial information for the lesion area. Surgical navigation systems have become essential tools that enable for doctors to accurately and safely perform complex operations. The image navigation interface is separated from the operating area, and the doctor needs to switch the field of vision between the screen and the patient's lesion area. In this paper, augmented reality (AR) technology was applied to spinal surgery to provide more intuitive information to surgeons. The accuracy of virtual and real registration was improved via research on AR technology. During the operation, the doctor could observe the AR image and the true shape of the internal spine through the skin. METHODS To improve the accuracy of virtual and real registration, a virtual and real registration technique based on an improved identification method and robot-assisted method was proposed. The experimental method was optimized by using the improved identification method. X-ray images were used to verify the effectiveness of the puncture performed by the robot. RESULTS The final experimental results show that the average accuracy of the virtual and real registration based on the general identification method was 9.73 ± 0.46 mm (range 8.90-10.23 mm). The average accuracy of the virtual and real registration based on the improved identification method was 3.54 ± 0.13 mm (range 3.36-3.73 mm). Compared with the virtual and real registration based on the general identification method, the accuracy was improved by approximately 65%. The highest accuracy of the virtual and real registration based on the robot-assisted method was 2.39 mm. The accuracy was improved by approximately 28.5% based on the improved identification method. CONCLUSION The experimental results show that the two optimized methods are highly very effective. The proposed AR navigation system has high accuracy and stability. This system may have value in future spinal surgeries.

中文翻译：

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在手术导航系统中基于增强现实的虚拟和真实配准技术的优化。

背景技术传统的导航界面仅用于医生的二维观察。因此，该界面不会显示病变区域的全部空间信息。手术导航系统已成为使医生能够准确，安全地执行复杂手术的必不可少的工具。图像导航界面与手术区域分开，医生需要在屏幕和患者病变区域之间切换视野。在本文中，增强现实（AR）技术被应用于脊柱外科手术，以便为外科医生提供更直观的信息。通过对AR技术的研究，提高了虚拟和真实注册的准确性。在手术过程中，医生可以通过皮肤观察AR图像和内部脊柱的真实形状。方法为了提高虚拟和真实配准的准确性，提出了一种基于改进的识别方法和机器人辅助方法的虚拟和真实配准技术。利用改进的识别方法对实验方法进行了优化。X射线图像用于验证机器人执行穿刺的有效性。结果最终的实验结果表明，基于通用识别方法的虚拟和真实配准的平均准确度为9.73±0.46 mm（范围8.90-10.23 mm）。基于改进的识别方法的虚拟和真实配准的平均精度为3.54±0.13 mm（范围为3.36-3.73 mm）。与基于常规识别方法的虚拟和真实配准相比，准确性提高了约65％。基于机器人辅助方法的虚拟和真实配准的最高精度为2.39 mm。基于改进的识别方法，准确性提高了约28.5％。结论实验结果表明，两种优化方法是非常有效的。所提出的AR导航系统具有较高的准确性和稳定性。该系统可能在未来的脊柱外科中具有价值。