In the event of a radiological incident, the release of fission products into the surrounding environment and the ensuing external contamination present a challenge for triage assessment by emergency response personnel. Reference exposure rate and skin dose rate calibration data for emergency response personnel are currently lacking for cases where receptors are externally contaminated with fission products. Simulations were conducted to compute reference exposure rate coefficients and skin dose rate coefficients from photon-emitting fission products of radiological concern. To accomplish this task, simplified mathematical skin phantoms were created using surface area and height specifications from International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 89. Simulations were conducted using Monte Carlo radiation transport code using newborn, 1-y-old, 5-y-old, 10-y-old, 15-y-old, and adult phantoms for 22 photon-emitting radionuclides. Exposure rate coefficient data were employed in a case study simulating the radionuclide inventory for a 17 × 17 Westinghouse pressurized water reactor, following three burn-up cycles at 14,600 MWd per metric ton of uranium. The decay times following the final cycle represent the relative activity fractions over a period of 0.5-30 d. The resulting data can be used as calibration standards for triage efforts in emergency response protocols.

中文翻译：

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裂变产物释放造成的外部污染和暴露率的估计。

在发生放射性事件时，裂变产物释放到周围环境中以及随之而来的外部污染对应急响应人员的分类评估提出了挑战。对于受体受到裂变产物外部污染的情况，目前缺乏应急响应人员的参考照射率和皮肤剂量率校准数据。进行了模拟以计算放射学关注的光子发射裂变产物的参考照射率系数和皮肤剂量率系数。为了完成这项任务，使用国际辐射防护委员会出版物 89 中的表面积和高度规格创建了简化的数学皮肤模型。模拟是使用蒙特卡罗辐射传输代码进行的，使用新生儿，22 种光子发射放射性核素的 1 岁、5 岁、10 岁、15 岁和成人体模。在模拟 17 × 17 西屋压水反应堆的放射性核素库存的案例研究中采用了暴露率系数数据，该反应堆在每公吨铀 ​​14,600 MWd 下进行了三个燃耗循环。最后一个循环后的衰减时间代表 0.5-30 天期间的相对活动分数。由此产生的数据可用作应急响应协议中分类工作的校准标准。最后一个循环后的衰减时间代表 0.5-30 天期间的相对活动分数。由此产生的数据可用作应急响应协议中分类工作的校准标准。最后一个循环后的衰减时间代表 0.5-30 天期间的相对活动分数。由此产生的数据可用作应急响应协议中分类工作的校准标准。