The electricity sector is undergoing rapid and dramatic change. The momentum of sustainable energy technologies and business model innovation is giving rise to a “polycentric” framework of policy innovation and action organized by institutions that support customer choice and give customers the means to become electricity generators and service providers in their own right. These local experiments will have to deliver transformative change, flexibly address the electricity sector's legacy of political and administrative complexity, achieve scale and financial sustainability, and enable greater and wider stakeholder participation and choice. This article reviews the evidence to date of the importance of these experiments and examines three innovators—municipal utilities, community choice aggregators, and the sustainable energy utility—to gauge the capacity of pioneers to address climate‐driven and other challenges in the electricity market.

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推进变革性可持续发展：美国电力服务和供应创新者的比较分析

电力部门正在发生迅速而巨大的变化。可持续能源技术和商业模式创新的势头正在形成由机构组织的“多中心”政策创新和行动框架，这些机构支持客户的选择，并为客户提供自行成为发电机和服务提供商的途径。这些本地实验将必须提供变革性的变革，灵活地解决电力部门在政治和行政上的复杂性遗留问题，实现规模和财务可持续性，并实现越来越多的利益相关者参与和选择。本文回顾了迄今为止这些实验的重要性的证据，并考察了三个创新者：市政公用事业，社区选择整合者，