Transition toward high shares of power production from wind and photovoltaics (PV) brings about a substantial increase in controllable reactive power (Q). The capability to provide Q independent of active power production (24/7) is available at comparably low or even zero investment cost. Yet, this capability is not required by network connection codes and only rarely utilized, even if available. In a first step, we take an overall economic perspective and review the economic competition of 24/7 Q provision from variable renewable power plants (VRPP) with alternative Q resources. Technical restrictions to be respected are discussed, as well as the reliability requirements related to investment‐planning relevant Q provision. Competitiveness is significantly influenced by Q utilization rate and connecting voltage level. For practical implementation of 24/7 Q procurement from VRPP, its value needs to be assessed. We review possible approaches from overall economic perspective. We conclude that in operational decisions, VRPP Q should be valued at marginal cost, whereas in Q investment planning decisions, full cost should be considered. We derive the pros and cons of making 24/7 Q provision a mandatory part of network connection codes. For system operators (SOs) to integrate available capacity, regulatory acknowledgment of related revenue impact should be considered. We present possible solutions. Summarizing, the contribution presents the status quo in research on cross‐voltage level, investment‐relevant Q provision by VRPP. Using the presented methodology for value assessment, areas for further research are systematically pointed out.

中文翻译：

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考虑到风力和光伏发电的可靠容量，无功功率的竞争性跨电压水平采购

从风能和光伏发电（PV）向高份额发电的过渡带来了可控无功功率（Q）的大幅增加。提供独立于有功功率生产（24/7）的Q的能力，其投资成本却相对较低甚至为零。但是，网络连接代码并不需要此功能，即使可用也很少使用。第一步，我们从整体经济角度出发，回顾来自可变可再生能源发电厂（VRPP）与替代Q资源的24/7 Q提供的经济竞争。讨论了要遵守的技术限制，以及与投资计划相关Q规定相关的可靠性要求。竞争能力受Q利用率和连接电压水平的显着影响。为了从VRPP实际实施24/7 Q采购，需要评估其价值。我们从整体经济角度审查可能的方法。我们得出的结论是，在运营决策中，VRPP Q应该以边际成本进行估值，而在Q投资计划决策中，应考虑全部成本。我们得出使24/7 Q设置成为网络连接代码的强制性部分的利弊。为了使系统运营商（SO）集成可用容量，应考虑相关收入影响的监管确认。我们提出可能的解决方案。总而言之，该贡献介绍了VRPP在跨电压水平，投资相关的Q规定方面的研究现状。使用提出的方法进行价值评估，系统指出了需要进一步研究的领域。