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Family composition and age at menarche: Findings from the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study.
Reproductive Health ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-05 , DOI: 10.1186/s12978-019-0822-6 Martin Steppan 1, 2 , Ross Whitehead 3 , Juliet McEachran 4 , Candace Currie 5
Reproductive Health ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-05 , DOI: 10.1186/s12978-019-0822-6 Martin Steppan 1, 2 , Ross Whitehead 3 , Juliet McEachran 4 , Candace Currie 5
Affiliation
BACKGROUND
Early menarche has been associated with father absence, stepfather presence and adverse health consequences in later life. This article assesses the association of different family compositions with the age at menarche. Pathways are explored which may explain any association between family characteristics and pubertal timing.
METHODS
Cross-sectional, international data on the age at menarche, family structure and covariates (age, psychosomatic complaints, media consumption, physical activity) were collected from the 2009-2010 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. The sample focuses on 15-year old girls comprising 36,175 individuals across 40 countries in Europe and North America (N = 21,075 for age at menarche). The study examined the association of different family characteristics with age at menarche. Regression and path analyses were applied incorporating multilevel techniques to adjust for the nested nature of data within countries.
RESULTS
Living with mother (Cohen's d = .12), father (d = .08), brothers (d = .04) and sisters (d = .06) are independently associated with later age at menarche. Living in a foster home (d = -.16), with 'someone else' (d = -.11), stepmother (d = -.10) or stepfather (d = -.06) was associated with earlier menarche. Path models show that up to 89% of these effects can be explained through lifestyle and psychological variables.
CONCLUSIONS
Earlier menarche is reported amongst those with living conditions other than a family consisting of two biological parents. This can partly be explained by girls' higher Body Mass Index in these families which is a biological determinant of early menarche. Lower physical activity and elevated psychosomatic complaints were also more often found in girls in these family environments.
中文翻译:
月经初潮时的家庭组成和年龄:国际学龄儿童健康行为研究的发现。
背景技术早期的初潮与父亲的缺席,继父的存在以及以后生活中的不利健康后果有关。本文评估了不同家庭组成与初潮年龄之间的关系。探索的途径可以解释家庭特征与青春期时机之间的任何关联。方法从2009-2010年学龄儿童健康行为(HBSC)调查中收集有关初潮年龄,家庭结构和协变量(年龄,心身不适,媒体消费,体育锻炼)的横断面国际数据。该样本重点研究了15个年龄在欧洲和北美40个国家/地区的36175个人,其中初潮年龄为21075。该研究检查了不同家庭特征与初潮年龄之间的关系。应用了回归和路径分析,并结合了多级技术以适应国家内部数据的嵌套性质。结果与母亲同住(科恩d = .12),父亲(d = .08),兄弟(d = .04)和姐妹(d = .06)与月经初潮的年龄独立相关。与初潮初潮有关的是,与“其他人”(d = -.11),继母(d = -.10)或继父(d = -.06)一起生活在寄养家庭(d = -.16)中。路径模型显示,多达89%的这些影响可以通过生活方式和心理变量来解释。结论除了那些由两个亲生父母组成的家庭以外,其他生活条件较弱的人初潮都较早。这部分可以由这些家庭中女孩的较高的身体质量指数来解释,这是早期初潮的生物学决定因素。
更新日期:2019-12-05
中文翻译:
月经初潮时的家庭组成和年龄:国际学龄儿童健康行为研究的发现。
背景技术早期的初潮与父亲的缺席,继父的存在以及以后生活中的不利健康后果有关。本文评估了不同家庭组成与初潮年龄之间的关系。探索的途径可以解释家庭特征与青春期时机之间的任何关联。方法从2009-2010年学龄儿童健康行为(HBSC)调查中收集有关初潮年龄,家庭结构和协变量(年龄,心身不适,媒体消费,体育锻炼)的横断面国际数据。该样本重点研究了15个年龄在欧洲和北美40个国家/地区的36175个人,其中初潮年龄为21075。该研究检查了不同家庭特征与初潮年龄之间的关系。应用了回归和路径分析,并结合了多级技术以适应国家内部数据的嵌套性质。结果与母亲同住(科恩d = .12),父亲(d = .08),兄弟(d = .04)和姐妹(d = .06)与月经初潮的年龄独立相关。与初潮初潮有关的是,与“其他人”(d = -.11),继母(d = -.10)或继父(d = -.06)一起生活在寄养家庭(d = -.16)中。路径模型显示,多达89%的这些影响可以通过生活方式和心理变量来解释。结论除了那些由两个亲生父母组成的家庭以外,其他生活条件较弱的人初潮都较早。这部分可以由这些家庭中女孩的较高的身体质量指数来解释,这是早期初潮的生物学决定因素。