Becker and Neuberg (this issue) present a theory of archetypes as a consequence of evolutionary dynamics and personal experience. In particular, they suggest that archetypes are tendencies that have evolved to provide adaptive responses to social problems. For example, the goal of seeking nurturance leads to the archetype of the Caretaker; the challenge of social exchange leads to the archetype of the Cheater. Moreover, these tendencies are highly dependent on one’s prior experiences, and these internal archetype representational systems are dynamic, multimodal, and subsymbolically grounded. Although Becker and Neuberg primarily discuss archetypes as mental structures (patterns of perception, memory, and action), this theory resonates well with work on narratives and literature. It complements and provides new depth for narrative theories addressing issues such as the purpose of fiction, the links between fiction and social skills, and the repetition of certain types of characters and narrative structures across time and cultures. Furthermore, the archetype perspective may be a useful springboard for developing new hypotheses about narrative effects.

中文翻译：

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原型和叙事过程

Becker 和 Neuberg（本期）提出了一种原型理论作为进化动力学和个人经验的结果。特别是，他们认为原型是为了对社会问题提供适应性反应而进化的趋势。例如，寻求养育的目标导致了看守者的原型；社会交换的挑战导致了骗子的原型。此外，这些倾向高度依赖于一个人的先前经验，并且这些内部原型表征系统是动态的、多模态的并且以亚符号为基础。尽管贝克尔和纽伯格主要将原型讨论为心理结构（感知、记忆和行动的模式），但这一理论与叙事和文学作品产生了很好的共鸣。它补充并为叙事理论提供了新的深度，解决了诸如小说的目的、小说与社会技能之间的联系以及跨时间和文化的某些类型的人物和叙事结构的重复等问题。此外，原型视角可能是发展关于叙事效果的新假设的有用跳板。