We analyze in theory the conformations of macromolecules in a poor solvent focusing on the structure of collapsed states formed in the presence of an amphiphilic substance. Strongly amphiphilic molecules are described as dimers with hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts that can be similar to asymmetric liquid crystals or surfactant molecules. The hydrophobic parts of dimer molecules at the globule surface are embedded in the globule, leading to a decrease in the surface free energy and thus facilitating the formation of nonspherical shapes. For very long macromolecules, we predict the formation of only a spherical globule or a necklace-like structure (beads). For shorter macromolecules, an intermediate rodlike structure can be formed as well. The morphology diagrams are presented in the coordinates of the amphiphilic substance volume fraction in solution and the amphiphilicity parameter of dimer molecules. All transitions between the structure types upon a temperature change (related to a change in the amphiphilicity parameter) are of the first order. The polymer density in a collapsed state can be considerably larger in the presence of an amphiphilic substance than without it. The region of stability of spherical globules widens with an increase in the solvent quality or in the volume of the polar part of a dimer molecule and with a decrease in its length.

我们从理论上分析了不良溶剂中大分子的构象，重点是在两亲物质存在下形成的塌陷状态的结构。强两亲性分子被描述为具有疏水和亲水部分的二聚体，可以类似于不对称液晶或表面活性剂分子。小球表面上的二聚体分子的疏水部分嵌入小球中，导致表面自由能减少，从而促进非球形形状的形成。对于非常长的大分子，我们预测仅形成球形小球或项链状结构（珠子）。对于较短的大分子，也可以形成中间的棒状结构。形态图以溶液中两亲物质体积分数的坐标和二聚体分子的两亲性参数表示。温度变化时（与两亲性参数的变化有关），结构类型之间的所有过渡都是一阶的。在存在两亲物质的情况下，塌陷状态下的聚合物密度可能比没有它时大得多。球形小球的稳定性区域随着溶剂质量的提高或二聚体分子极性部分的体积的增加以及其长度的减小而变宽。在存在两亲物质的情况下，塌陷状态下的聚合物密度可能比没有它时大得多。球形小球的稳定性区域随着溶剂质量的提高或二聚体分子极性部分的体积的增加以及其长度的减小而变宽。在存在两亲物质的情况下，处于塌陷状态的聚合物密度可能比没有它时大得多。球形小球的稳定性区域随着溶剂质量的提高或二聚体分子极性部分的体积的增加以及其长度的减小而变宽。