Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a well-established treatment strategy in HIV-related lymphoma patients (HIV+ Ly). Nevertheless, current evidence is mainly based on reports from specialized centers, multicentre heterogeneous studies, noncomparative analyses, or registry data-based comparisons. Likewise, the risk of infections reported so far for this population, seems to be similar to that of HIV- patients, and it does not seem to impact on mortality. We report a single-center retrospective comparative analysis of AHCT procedural results, infectious complications and survival in HIV+ Ly matched with a non-HIV comparative cohort. Thirty-three HIV+ patients and 45 matched controls, who underwent ASCT between 2000 and 2016, were included. Transplant-related toxicity, event-free survival, relapse rate, and overall survival were similar in both groups. Engraftment was delayed in HIV+ Ly (neutrophils: 15 vs 12 days (p = 0.0001), and platelets 39 vs 16 days (p = 0.00001)). Bacterial infections during the pre-engraftment period were more frequent in HIV+ Ly (RR 2.24, p = 0.017), as well as viral infections in the postengraftment period (RR 3.22, p = 0.004). CMV reactivation was more frequent in HIV+ Ly (39% vs 15% p = 0.007). In conclusion, ASCT is viable and effective in HIV+ Ly, but it is associated with a higher risk of infection.

自体造血干细胞移植 (ASCT) 是一种成熟的 HIV 相关淋巴瘤患者 (HIV+ Ly) 的治疗策略。然而，目前的证据主要基于来自专业中心的报告、多中心异质性研究、非比较分析或基于注册数据的比较。同样，迄今为止报告的该人群的感染风险似乎与 HIV 患者相似，并且似乎对死亡率没有影响。我们报告了与非 HIV 比较队列匹配的 AHCT 程序结果、感染性并发症和 HIV+ Ly 生存率的单中心回顾性比较分析。纳入了 2000 年至 2016 年间接受 ASCT 的 33 名 HIV+ 患者和 45 名匹配的对照。移植相关毒性、无事件生存率、复发率、两组的总生存期相似。HIV+ Ly 的植入延迟（中性粒细胞：15 天 vs 12 天（p  = 0.0001)，血小板 39 天 vs 16 天 ( p  = 0.00001))。HIV+ Ly (RR 2.24, p  = 0.017) 和移植后病毒感染 (RR 3.22, p  = 0.004)更常见于植入前的细菌感染。CMV 再激活在 HIV+ Ly 中更为频繁（39% 对 15% p  = 0.007）。总之，ASCT 在 HIV+ Ly 中是可行且有效的，但它与更高的感染风险相关。