Studies of elusive carnivores often rely on passive sampling when investigating either spatial or temporal interactions. However, inference on behavioral mechanisms are usually lacking. We present an analysis that combines previously published spatial co-occurrence estimates and temporal kernel density estimates to explore spatiotemporal interspecific interactions. We do so by deriving a spatiotemporal value (STV) that is a relative measure of potential interaction in both niche dimensions, across a gradient of degradation, for rainforest carnivore pairs in Madagascar. We also use a conceptual framework to provide insight into the potential behavioral mechanisms of habitat selection. Of the six native and three invasive carnivores, we estimate the spatiotemporal interactions for twelve pairings, which range from no spatial/temporal relationship (n = 5) to spatiotemporal aggregation or segregation (n = 7). We visualized these spatiotemporal interactions along a fragmentation gradient and demonstrate that these interactions are not static, as STV overlap increases with increasing anthropogenic disturbance. Of the three invasive carnivores (free-ranging dogs Canis familiaris, cats Felis species, and small Indian civets Viverricula indica) the latter had the highest number of spatial occurrence (n = 4) and spatiotemporal overlap (n = 4) relationships with native carnivores. Our results highlight the potential for increasing direct and indirect interactions between native and invasive species as forest degradation and invasive predators increase. Our approach allows us to better understand adaptive behaviors, plasticity in temporal activity, community assemblage, and to develop targeted conservation strategies to manage ecological communities in rapidly changing ecosystems.

难以捉摸的食肉动物的研究在调查空间或时间相互作用时通常依赖于被动采样。但是，通常缺乏对行为机制的推断。我们提出了一种分析，该分析结合了以前发布的空间共现估计和时间内核密度估计，以探索时空种间的相互作用。为此，我们得出了时空值（STV），该值是马达加斯加雨林食肉动物对在退化梯度上两个利基维度中潜在相互作用的相对度量。我们还使用概念框架来深入了解栖息地选择的潜在行为机制。在六个原生和三个侵入性食肉动物中，我们估计了十二对配对的时空相互作用，范围从无时空关系（n = 5）到时空聚集或分离（n = 7）。我们沿碎片梯度可视化了这些时空相互作用，并证明了这些相互作用不是静态的，因为STV重叠随人为干扰的增加而增加。在三种侵入性食肉动物（放养的狗）中犬科犬，猫Felis物种和印度小麝猫Viverricula indica）与本地食肉动物的空间发生次数（n = 4）和时空重叠（n = 4）关系最多。我们的结果强调了随着森林退化和入侵性掠食者的增加，本地物种和入侵物种之间直接和间接相互作用增加的潜力。我们的方法使我们能够更好地理解适应性行为，时间活动中的可塑性，社区聚集，并制定针对性的保护策略来管理快速变化的生态系统中的生态社区。