The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), a unique structure in the central nervous system (CNS), protects the brain from bloodborne pathogens by its excellent barrier properties. Nevertheless, this barrier limits therapeutic efficacy and becomes one of the biggest challenges in new drug development for neurodegenerative disease and brain cancer. Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology have resulted in various nanoparticles (NPs) as drug carriers to cross the BBB by different methods. This review presents the current understanding of advanced NP-mediated non-invasive drug delivery for the treatment of neurological disorders. Herein, the complex compositions and special characteristics of BBB are elucidated exhaustively. Moreover, versatile drug nanocarriers with their recent applications and their pathways on different drug delivery strategies to overcome the formidable BBB obstacle are briefly discussed. In terms of significance, this paper provides a general understanding of how various properties of nanoparticles aid in drug delivery through BBB and usher the development of novel nanotechnology-based nanomaterials for cerebral disease therapies.

中文翻译：

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克服血脑屏障运输：基于纳米颗粒的药物输送策略的进展

血脑屏障 (BBB) 是中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中的独特结构，通过其卓越的屏障特性保护大脑免受血源性病原体的侵害。然而，这一障碍限制了治疗效果，并成为神经退行性疾病和脑癌新药开发的最大挑战之一。纳米技术的最新突破导致各种纳米颗粒（NP）作为药物载体通过不同的方法穿过血脑屏障。本综述介绍了目前对先进 NP 介导的非侵入性药物输送治疗神经系统疾病的理解。在此，详尽地阐明了BBB的复杂组成和特殊特性。此外，还简要讨论了多功能药物纳米载体及其最近的应用以及它们在不同药物递送策略上克服强大的 BBB 障碍的途径。就意义而言，本文提供了对纳米颗粒的各种特性如何帮助通过血脑屏障进行药物输送的总体了解，并引领了基于纳米技术的新型纳米材料用于脑部疾病治疗的发展。