Design and fabrication of scaffolds with three-dimensional (3D) topological cues inducing regeneration of the neo-tissue comparable to native one remains a major challenge in both scientific and clinical fields. Here, we developed a well-designed vascular graft with 3D highly interconnected and circumferentially oriented microchannels by using the sacrificial sugar microfiber leaching method. The microchannels structure was capable of promoting the migration, oriented arrangement, elongation, and the contractile phenotype expression of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro. After implantation into the rat aorta defect model, the microchannels in vascular grafts simultaneously improved the infiltration and aligned arrangement of VSMCs and the oriented deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as the recruitment and polarization of macrophages. These positive results also provided protection and support for ECs growth, and ultimately accelerated the endothelialization. Our research provides a new strategy for the fabrication of grafts with the capability of inducing arterial regeneration, which could be further extended to apply in preparing other kinds of oriented scaffolds aiming to guide oriented tissue in situ regeneration.

设计和制造具有三维 (3D) 拓扑线索的支架，可诱导与天然组织相当的新组织再生，这仍然是科学和临床领域的一项重大挑战。在这里，我们通过使用牺牲糖微纤维浸出方法开发了一种精心设计的血管移植物，具有 3D 高度互连和周向定向的微通道。微通道结构能够促进体外血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）的迁移、定向排列、伸长和收缩表型表达. 植入大鼠主动脉缺损模型后，血管移植物中的微通道同时改善了 VSMC 的浸润和排列排列和细胞外基质 (ECM) 的定向沉积，以及巨噬细胞的募集和极化。这些积极的结果也为ECs的生长提供了保护和支持，最终加速了内皮化。我们的研究为制备具有诱导动脉再生能力的移植物提供了一种新策略，可以进一步扩展应用于制备其他类型的定向支架，旨在引导定向组织原位再生。