The commercial graphite (CG) is the conventional anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to its low delithiation voltage plateau (below 0.5 V) and extraordinary durability. Nevertheless, the further promotion of energy density of LIBs is restricted by the limited capacity below 0.5 V of CG. Here, based on the supercritical CO₂ exfoliation technique, the production of multi-layered graphene (MLG) is achieved from the pilot scale production line. The great merit of the exfoliated MLG anode is that the voltage plateau below 0.5 V is broadened obviously as compared to those of natural graphite and CG. Additionally, no obvious lithium dendrites are observed for MLG during the lithiation process. The large delithiation capacity under the low voltage plateau of MLG is mainly benefited from the combination of Li intercalation and boundary storage mechanism, which is further confirmed by the density functional theory calculations. The LiFePO₄/MLG full cell can afford the satisfactory electrochemical property with respect to the capacity, energy density and ultralong cycling stability (90% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 2 C), significantly better than that of LiFePO₄/CG. Besides, this developed technique not only dedicates to producing the high-performance anode for LIBs but also opens a door for the mass production of MLG in the industrial scale.

商业石墨（CG）由于其低的脱锂电压平稳期（低于0.5 V）和非凡的耐久性，是锂离子电池（LIB）的常规负极材料。尽管如此，LIB的能量密度的进一步提高受到CG低于0.5 V的有限容量的限制。在这里，基于超临界CO ₂剥落技术是通过中试规模生产线来生产多层石墨烯（MLG）。剥离的MLG阳极的一大优点是，与天然石墨和CG相比，0.5 V以下的电压平稳范围明显扩大。此外，在锂化过程中未观察到MLG的明显锂枝晶。MLG低压平台下的大脱锂能力主要得益于Li嵌入和边界存储机制的结合，这由密度泛函理论计算进一步证实。LiFePO ₄/ MLG全电池在容量，能量密度和超长循环稳定性方面具有令人满意的电化学性能（在2 C下500次循环后90％的容量保持率），明显优于LiFePO ₄ / CG。此外，这项发达的技术不仅致力于生产用于LIB的高性能阳极，而且为工业规模的MLG的批量生产打开了一扇门。