Impulsivity contributes to poor outcomes of existing childhood obesity treatments. Conceptualised within dual-process models, this self-regulation failure reflects the operation of strong automatic processing (heightened food responsivity) and/or weak regulatory processing (poor self-control). This systematic literature review examined the evidence for the self-regulation failure hypothesis from a dual-process models perspective to evaluate its potential for enhancing childhood obesity treatment. Searches were conducted from six databases. Eligibility criteria included: (1) recruited a child or adolescent sample; (2) measured or manipulated one or more automatic and/or regulatory processes (attentional bias, approach bias, working memory, inhibitory control, executive function); (3) used a cross-sectional, longitudinal or experimental design; and (4) included a primary outcome measure that was eating/weight related and/or pertained to the underlying process(es). The search identified 147 eligible studies. Despite methodological variations and inconsistent findings across studies, evidence points to a stronger impact of automatic processes and in particular a reduced capacity for regulatory processing in youngsters with overweight/obesity. Emerging evidence suggests that these processes can be altered by targeted training to curtail food intake and associated weight gain. An intervention protocol based on the dual-process framework has the potential to enhance current childhood obesity treatments. Recommendations for future research are provided.

冲动导致现有的儿童肥胖疗法的不良结果。在双过程模型中概念化地说明，这种自我调节失败反映了强大的自动加工（增强了食品的响应能力）和/或弱的调节过程（不良的自我控制）的运行。这篇系统的文献综述从双重过程模型的角度检查了自我调节失败假设的证据，以评估其增强儿童肥胖症治疗的潜力。搜索来自六个数据库。资格标准包括：（1）招募了儿童或青少年样本；（2）测量或操纵一个或多个自动和/或调节过程（注意偏见，进近偏见，工作记忆，抑制性控制，执行功能）；（3）采用了横截面，纵向或实验设计；（4）包括一项与饮食/体重有关和/或与基础过程有关的主要结局指标。搜索确定了147个合格的研究。尽管方法各异且研究结果不一致，但证据表明，自动过程的影响更大，尤其是超重/肥胖的年轻人调节过程的能力下降。越来越多的证据表明，可以通过有针对性的培训来减少食物摄入和相关的体重增加，从而改变这些过程。基于双过程框架的干预方案具有增强当前儿童肥胖治疗的潜力。提供了未来研究的建议。搜索确定了147个合格的研究。尽管方法各异且研究结果不一致，但证据表明，自动过程的影响更大，尤其是超重/肥胖的年轻人调节过程的能力下降。越来越多的证据表明，可以通过有针对性的培训来减少食物摄入和相关的体重增加，从而改变这些过程。基于双过程框架的干预方案具有增强当前儿童肥胖治疗的潜力。提供了未来研究的建议。搜索确定了147个合格的研究。尽管方法各异且研究结果不一致，但证据表明，自动过程的影响更大，尤其是超重/肥胖的年轻人调节过程的能力下降。越来越多的证据表明，可以通过有针对性的培训来减少食物摄入和相关的体重增加，从而改变这些过程。基于双过程框架的干预方案具有增强当前儿童肥胖治疗的潜力。提供了未来研究的建议。越来越多的证据表明，可以通过有针对性的培训来减少食物摄入和相关的体重增加，从而改变这些过程。基于双过程框架的干预方案具有增强当前儿童肥胖治疗的潜力。提供了未来研究的建议。越来越多的证据表明，可以通过有针对性的培训来减少进食量和体重增加，从而改变这些过程。基于双过程框架的干预方案具有增强当前儿童肥胖治疗的潜力。提供了未来研究的建议。