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Newborn feeding recommendations and practices increase the risk of development of overweight and obesity
BMC Pediatrics ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-04 , DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-1982-9
Brittany Watchmaker , Bridget Boyd , Lara R. Dugas

The prevalence of obesity among infants less than 2 years of age has increased by more than 60% over the last three decades. Obese infants and toddlers are at an increased risk for staying overweight into adolescence and adulthood. Metabolic programming has been demonstrated in animal models whereby early life feeding habits result in life-long changes in hormone balance and metabolism. Our study explores if newborn over-nutrition on the first day of life (DOL1) is associated with risk for future overweight and obesity in childhood. Retrospective chart data was collected for full term formula-fed infants born between January 2008 and December 2012 who continued care at the same institution. Data included the volume of formula (ml) consumed on DOL1 as well, as subsequent yearly BMI measures from well child checkups (WCC). Overfeeding was categorized as any feed greater than or equal to 30 ml on any of the first seven feeds while controlling for birth weight. The final data set included 1106 infants (547 male; 559 female). 1023 of the 1106 newborns (93%) were overfed at least once during DOL1, while 789 of 1106 (71%) were overfed 3 or more times during their first 7 feeds. After adjusting for birth weight, infants who were overfed 5 of the first 7 feeds were 5 times as likely to be overweight or obese at their 4th year well child check-up (p < 0.05) compared to children not overfed. Infants who were overfed on all 7 of their first 7 feeds were 7 times more likely to be overweight or obese at their 4th year WCC (p = 0.017). Infants overfed on DOL1 were significantly more likely to be overweight or obese at their 4th year WCC, compared to infants not overfed on their first day of life. Newborn families may benefit from counseling regarding age-appropriate volumes of formula during this critical time period. Future studies will aim to look at effect of implementation of smaller feeding bottle size on reducing overfeeding practices and future risk of overweight and obesity.

中文翻译:

新生儿喂养建议和做法会增加超重和肥胖的风险

在过去的三十年中,2岁以下婴儿的肥胖症患病率增加了60%以上。肥胖的婴儿和幼儿保持超重进入青春期和成年期的风险增加。在动物模型中已经证明了新陈代谢的程序设计,从而使早期的生活喂养习惯导致了激素平衡和代谢的终生变化。我们的研究探讨了出生后第一天的新生儿营养过剩(DOL1)是否与儿童未来超重和肥胖的风险有关。收集了2008年1月至2012年12月间在同一机构继续护理的足月配方奶喂养婴儿的回顾性图表数据。数据还包括DOL1上消耗的配方食品(ml)的量,以及来自井子检查(WCC)的后续年度BMI量度。在控制出生体重的同时,头七种饲料中任何一种大于或等于30 ml的饲料都被定义为过量喂养。最终数据集包括1106名婴儿(男547名;女559名)。1106例新生儿中有1023例(93%)在DOL1期间至少饲喂一次,而1106例中有789例(71%)在头7次喂养中饲喂3次或更多次。调整出生体重后,在前7次喂养中有5次喂养过量的婴儿,在其4年龄儿童健康检查中超重或肥胖的可能性是未喂养过量儿童的5倍(p <0.05)。在前7次喂养中,全部7次喂养过量的婴儿在WCC第4年时超重或肥胖的可能性是后者的7倍(p = 0.017)。DOL1喂养过量的婴儿在WCC第4年时更可能超重或肥胖,相较于出生后第一天未过量喂养的婴儿。在这个关键时期,新生儿家庭可能会从适合年龄的配方奶粉咨询中受益。未来的研究将着眼于实施较小尺寸的奶瓶对减少过量喂养的做法以及未来超重和肥胖的风险的影响。
更新日期:2020-03-04
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