The gut microbiota that inhabit our gastrointestinal tract are well known to play an important role in maintaining human health in many aspects, including facilitating the digestion and absorption of nutrients, protecting against pathogens and regulating immune system. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with a lot of diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, allergy, obesity, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. With the increasing knowledge of the microbiome, utilization of probiotic bacteria in modulating gut microbiota to prevent and treat a large number of disorders and diseases has gained much interest. In recent years, aided by the continuous development of tools and techniques, engineering probiotic microbes with desired characteristics and functionalities to benefit human health has made significant progress. In this paper, we summarize the recent advances in design and construction of probiotics as living diagnostics and therapeutics for probing and treating a series of diseases including metabolic disorders, inflammation and pathogenic bacteria infections. We also discuss the current challenges and future perspectives in expanding the application of probiotics for disease treatment and detection. We intend to provide insights and ideas for engineering of probiotics to better serve disease therapy and human health.

中文翻译：

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将益生菌工程化为可改善人类健康的生活诊断剂和治疗剂。

众所周知，居住在我们胃肠道中的肠道菌群在维护人类健康的许多方面都起着重要作用，包括促进营养的消化吸收，防止病原体和调节免疫系统。肠道菌群失调与许多疾病有关，例如炎症性肠病，过敏，肥胖症，心血管和神经退行性疾病以及癌症。随着微生物组知识的不断增长，益生菌在调节肠道菌群中预防和治疗多种疾病的广泛应用已引起人们极大的兴趣。近年来，在工具和技术的不断发展的帮助下，工程化具有所需特性和功能以有益于人类健康的益生菌微生物取得了重大进展。在本文中，我们总结了益生菌在设计和构建方面的最新进展，这些益生菌可以作为活体诊断剂和治疗剂，用于探测和治疗一系列疾病，包括代谢紊乱，炎症和致病菌感染。我们还将讨论扩大益生菌在疾病治疗和检测中的应用的当前挑战和未来前景。我们打算提供有关益生菌工程学的见解和想法，以更好地服务于疾病治疗和人类健康。我们还将讨论扩大益生菌在疾病治疗和检测中的应用的当前挑战和未来前景。我们打算提供有关益生菌工程学的见解和想法，以更好地服务于疾病治疗和人类健康。我们还将讨论扩大益生菌在疾病治疗和检测中的应用的当前挑战和未来前景。我们打算提供有关益生菌工程的见解和想法，以更好地服务于疾病治疗和人类健康。