The inadequacy of conventional cell-monolayer planar cultures and animal experiments in predicting the toxicity and clinical efficacy of drug candidates has led to an imminent need for in vitro methods with the ability to better represent in vivo conditions and facilitate the systematic investigation of drug candidates. Recent advances in 3D bioprinting have prompted the precise manipulation of cells and biomaterials, rendering it a promising technology for the construction of in vitro tissue/organ models and drug screening devices. This review presents state-of-the-art in vitro methods used for preclinical drug screening and discusses the limitations of these methods. In particular, the significance of constructing 3D in vitro tissue/organ models and microfluidic analysis devices for drug screening is emphasized, and a focus is placed on the grafting process of 3D bioprinting technology to the construction of such models and devices. The in vitro methods for drug screening are generalized into three types: mini-tissue, organ-on-a-chip, and tissue/organ construct. The revolutionary process of the in vitro methods is demonstrated in detail, and relevant studies are listed as examples. Specifically, the tumor model is adopted as a precedent to illustrate the possible grafting of 3D bioprinting to antitumor drug screening.

中文翻译：

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将3D生物打印嫁接到体外药物筛选中：综述。

常规细胞单层平面培养和动物实验不足以预测候选药物的毒性和临床功效，导致迫切需要能够更好地代表体内条件并促进候选药物系统研究的体外方法。3D生物打印的最新进展促使人们对细胞和生物材料进行精确控制，使其成为构建体外组织/器官模型和药物筛选设备的有希望的技术。这篇综述介绍了用于临床前药物筛选的最新体外方法，并讨论了这些方法的局限性。特别要强调的是，构建3D体外组织/器官模型和微流分析设备进行药物筛选的重要性，并且将重点放在3D生物打印技术的嫁接过程上，以构建此类模型和设备。体外药物筛选方法一般分为三种类型：迷你组织，单片器官和组织/器官构建体。详细说明了体外方法的革命性过程，并列举了相关研究作为示例。具体而言，采用肿瘤模型作为先例来说明可能将3D生物打印移植到抗肿瘤药物筛选中。