We chose to understand the cyclic instability and rate instability issues in the promising class of Na⁺ conversion and alloying anodes with Sb₂Se₃ as a typical example. We employ a synthetic strategy that ensures efficient rGO (reduced graphene oxide) wrapping over Sb₂Se₃ material. By utilization of the minimum weight of additive (5 wt.% of rGO), we achieved a commendable performance with a reversible capacity of 550 mAh g⁻¹ at a specific current of 100 mA g⁻¹ and an impressive rate performance with 100 % capacity retention after high current cycling involving a 2 Ag⁻¹ intermediate current step. The electrochemical galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) has been employed for the first time to draw a rationale between the enhanced performance and the increased mobility in the rGO wrapped composite (Sb₂Se₃‐rGO) compared to bare Sb₂Se₃. GITT analysis reveals higher Na⁺ diffusion coefficients (approx. 30 fold higher) in the case of Sb₂Se₃‐rGO as compared to bare Sb₂Se₃ throughout the operating voltage window. For Sb₂Se₃‐rGO the diffusion coefficients in the range of 8.0×10⁻¹⁵ cm² s⁻¹ to 2.2×10⁻¹² cm² s⁻¹ were observed, while in case of bare Sb₂Se₃ the diffusion coefficients in the range of 1.6×10⁻¹⁵ cm² s⁻¹ to 9.4×10⁻¹⁵ cm² s⁻¹ were observed.

中文翻译：

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rGO包裹的高纵横比1D SbSe纳米结构中的高Na +迁移率可提供更好的电化学Na +电池性能。

我们选择了解在有前途的Na ⁺转化和以Sb ₂ Se ₃为合金阳极的有前景的一类中的循环不稳定性和速率不稳定性问题。我们采用一种合成策略，可确保有效地将rGO（还原的氧化石墨烯）包裹在Sb ₂ Se ₃材料上。由添加剂（5重量RGO的。％）的最小重量的利用率，我们实现了值得称赞的性能的550毫安g的可逆容量^-1在100mA g的比当前^-1并用100％令人印象深刻的速率性能涉及2 Ag ^-1的大电流循环后的容量保持中间电流阶跃。与裸露的Sb ₂ Se ₃相比，首次采用电化学恒电流间歇滴定技术（GITT）在rGO包裹的复合材料（Sb ₂ Se ₃ -rGO）中提高性能和提高迁移率之间得出了基本原理。GITT分析显示，在整个工作电压范围内，与裸露的Sb ₂ Se ₃相比，Sb ₂ Se ₃ -rGO的Na ⁺扩散系数更高（约高30倍）。对于Sb ₂ Se ₃ -rGO，扩散系数在8.0×10 ^-15  cm范围内观察到²  s ^-1至2.2×10 ^-12  cm ²  s ^-1，而在裸露的Sb ₂ Se ₃的情况下，扩散系数在1.6×10 ^-15  cm ²  s ^-1至9.4×10 ^{-15的范围内}观察到 cm ²  s ^-1。