Pacific and Atlantic herring populations (genus Clupea) commonly experience episodic collapse and recovery. Recovery time durations are of great importance for the sustainability of fisheries and ecosystems. We collated information from 64 herring populations to characterize herring fluctuations and determine the time scales at low biomass and at high and low recruitment, and use generalized linear models and Random Survival Forests to identify the most important bottom‐up, top‐down and intrinsic factors influencing recovery times. Compared to non‐forage fish taxa, herring decline to lower minima, recover to higher maxima and show larger changes in biomass, implying herring are more prone to booms and busts than non‐forage fish species. Large year classes are more common in herring, but occur infrequently and are uncorrelated among regionally grouped stocks, implying local drivers of high recruitment. Management differs between Pacific and Atlantic herring fisheries, where at similarly low biomass, Pacific fisheries tend to be closed while Atlantic fisheries remain open. This difference had no apparent effect on herring recovery times, which averaged 11 years, although most stocks with longer recovery periods had not yet recovered at the end of the observation period. Biomass recovery is best explained by median recruitment and variability in sea surface height anomalies and sea surface temperatures—higher variability leads to shorter recovery times. In addition, the duration of recruitment failure is closely linked with low biomass. While recovery times rely on the nature of the relationship between spawning biomass and recruitment, they are still largely governed by complex and uncertain processes.

中文翻译：

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鲱鱼的高潮和低潮：对鲱鱼崩溃和恢复的模式和因素的荟萃分析

太平洋和大西洋鲱鱼种群（Clupea属）通常会经历突发性崩溃和恢复。恢复时间长短对于渔业和生态系统的可持续性至关重要。我们整理了来自64个鲱鱼种群的信息以表征鲱鱼波动并确定低生物量以及高低招聘时的时间尺度，并使用广义线性模型和随机生存森林来识别最重要的自下而上，自上而下和内在因素影响恢复时间。与非饲草鱼类相比，鲱鱼下降到较低的最小值，恢复到较高的最大值，并显示出更大的生物量变化，这意味着与非饲草鱼相比，鲱鱼更容易出现潮起潮落。大年级课程在鲱鱼中更常见，但很少出现，并且在区域分组的股票之间不相关，这意味着本地人高招。太平洋和大西洋鲱鱼渔业的管理方式不同，在生物量类似的情况下，太平洋渔业倾向于关闭，而大西洋渔业则保持开放。这种差异对鲱鱼的恢复时间没有明显影响，鲱鱼的恢复时间平均为11年，尽管恢复期较长的大多数种群在观察期结束时尚未恢复。生物量的恢复最好用海平面高度异常和海面温度的中值补充和可变性来解释-较高的可变性导致较短的恢复时间。另外，招募失败的持续时间与低生物量密切相关。虽然恢复时间取决于产卵生物量与募集之间关系的性质，但它们仍在很大程度上受复杂且不确定的过程支配。