Abstract Due to the high sensitivity, specificity, efficiency and cost-effectiveness, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been extensively used for the detection and evaluation of biological substances in body fluids, such as blood, tissues and cells. However, collecting these bodily species is not very convenient because patients have to suffer from skin irritation pain and contacted injection risks. Urine and saliva, which carry abundant metabolic information, can also reflect the health conditions about the human body and seems to be more practicable and convenient for truly non-invasive disease diagnosis. In particular, a number of cancers, diseases and illicit drugs have been successfully recognized and analyzed based on the SERS spectra of urine and saliva, enabling a screening of certain diseases and a tracing of disease development. In this review, we will introduce the state-of-the-art regarding the clinical applications of SERS analysis on urine and saliva, and briefly discuss the future development of SERS based non-invasive disease diagnosis.

中文翻译：

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使用尿液和唾液的表面增强拉曼光谱进行非侵入性疾病诊断

摘要 表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）具有灵敏度高、特异性强、效率高和成本效益高等优点，已广泛用于血液、组织和细胞等体液中生物物质的检测和评价。然而，收集这些身体物种并不是很方便，因为患者必须遭受皮肤刺激性疼痛和接触注射风险。尿液和唾液携带着丰富的代谢信息，也可以反映人体的健康状况，对于真正的无创疾病诊断似乎更加实用和方便。特别是，基于尿液和唾液的 SERS 光谱，已经成功识别和分析了许多癌症、疾病和非法药物，能够筛查某些疾病并追踪疾病的发展。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍 SERS 分析对尿液和唾液的临床应用的最新技术，并简要讨论基于 SERS 的无创疾病诊断的未来发展。