The present outbreak of a coronavirus-associated acute respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is the third documented spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans in only two decades that has resulted in a major epidemic. The Coronaviridae Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, which is responsible for developing the classification of viruses and taxon nomenclature of the family Coronaviridae, has assessed the placement of the human pathogen, tentatively named 2019-nCoV, within the Coronaviridae. Based on phylogeny, taxonomy and established practice, the CSG recognizes this virus as forming a sister clade to the prototype human and bat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) of the species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, and designates it as SARS-CoV-2. In order to facilitate communication, the CSG proposes to use the following naming convention for individual isolates: SARS-CoV-2/host/location/isolate/date. While the full spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans remains to be determined, the independent zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 highlights the need for studying viruses at the species level to complement research focused on individual pathogenic viruses of immediate significance. This will improve our understanding of virus–host interactions in an ever-changing environment and enhance our preparedness for future outbreaks.

中文翻译：

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严重急性呼吸系统综合症相关冠状病毒：对 2019-nCoV 进行分类并将其命名为 SARS-CoV-2。

目前爆发的冠状病毒相关的急性呼吸道疾病称为冠状病毒病 19 (COVID-19)，这是短短二十年内第三次有记录的动物冠状病毒外溢到人类，并导致大流行。负责制定冠状病毒科病毒分类和分类命名法的国际病毒分类委员会冠状病毒科研究组 (CSG) 评估了人类病原体（暂定名为 2019-nCoV）在冠状病毒科。根据系统发育、分类和既定实践，CSG 认为该病毒与严重急性呼吸系统综合症相关冠状病毒的原型人类和蝙蝠严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 (SARS-CoVs) 形成姐妹进化枝，并将其指定为 SARS-CoV-2。为了便于交流，CSG 建议对单个分离株使用以下命名约定：SARS-CoV-2/host/location/isolate/date。虽然与人类感染 SARS-CoV-2 相关的所有临床表现仍有待确定，但 SARS-CoV 和 SARS-CoV-2 的独立人畜共患病传播凸显了在物种水平上研究病毒以补充重点研究的必要性对具有直接意义的单个致病病毒。这将提高我们对不断变化的环境中病毒-宿主相互作用的理解，并增强我们对未来爆发的准备。虽然与人类感染 SARS-CoV-2 相关的所有临床表现仍有待确定，但 SARS-CoV 和 SARS-CoV-2 的独立人畜共患病传播凸显了在物种水平上研究病毒以补充重点研究的必要性对具有直接意义的单个致病病毒。这将提高我们对不断变化的环境中病毒-宿主相互作用的理解，并增强我们对未来爆发的准备。虽然与人类感染 SARS-CoV-2 相关的所有临床表现仍有待确定，但 SARS-CoV 和 SARS-CoV-2 的独立人畜共患病传播凸显了在物种水平上研究病毒以补充重点研究的必要性对具有直接意义的单个致病病毒。这将提高我们对不断变化的环境中病毒-宿主相互作用的理解，并增强我们对未来爆发的准备。