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A cyclic phosphate-based battery electrolyte for high voltage and safe operation
Nature Energy ( IF 56.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-02 , DOI: 10.1038/s41560-020-0567-z
Qifeng Zheng , Yuki Yamada , Rui Shang , Seongjae Ko , Yun-Yang Lee , Kijae Kim , Eiichi Nakamura , Atsuo Yamada

The traditional electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries is a combination of 1 M LiPF6 with a cyclic carbonate-based solvent (for example, ethylene carbonate). The lack of a suitable alternative solvent has hindered further exploration of new functional electrolytes. Here we design and synthesize a fluorinated cyclic phosphate solvent, 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane 2-oxide (TFEP), for use in lithium-ion batteries. Our design rationale is that this solvent molecule has a fused chemical structure of cyclic carbonates that can form a stable solid electrolyte interphase and organic phosphates that can trap hydrogen radicals and prevent combustion. An electrolyte formula composed of 0.95 M LiN(SO2F)2 in TFEP/2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate shows excellent non-flammability with zero self-extinguishing time and enables the highly stable operation of graphite anodes (~0.1 V versus lithium) and high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes (~4.7 V versus lithium), and thereby outperforms traditional electrolytes. This work opens up new frontiers in electrolyte developments towards safe lithium-ion batteries with higher energy densities.



中文翻译:

一种环状磷酸酯基电池电解液,可确保高压安全运行

锂离子电池的传统电解质是1 M LiPF 6与环状碳酸酯类溶剂(例如碳酸亚乙酯)的组合。缺少合适的替代溶剂阻碍了对新功能电解质的进一步探索。在这里,我们设计并合成了用于锂离子电池的氟化环状磷酸酯溶剂2-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,3,2-二氧杂磷腈2-氧化物(TFEP)。我们的设计原理是,该溶剂分子具有可以形成稳定的固态电解质相的环状碳酸酯和可以捕获氢自由基并防止燃烧的有机磷酸酯的稠合化学结构。由0.95 M LiN(SO 2 F)2组成的电解质配方在TFEP / 2,2,2-三氟乙基甲基碳酸酯中表现出优异的不燃性,自熄灭时间为零,并且能够使石墨阳极(相对于锂为〜0.1 V)和高压LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4阴极具有高度稳定的操作(相对于锂,约为4.7 V),因此优于传统的电解质。这项工作为电解质开发向更高能量密度的安全锂离子电池开辟了新领域。

更新日期:2020-04-24
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