Biodiversity and Conservation ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s10531-020-01955-1 J. Liira , A. Suija , I. Jüriado
We hypothesize that many epiphytic lichens colonize trees in planted cultural heritage sites and persist as large-scale species meta-pools in historic rural landscape, while epiphytic biodiversity is threatened by the timber oriented forest management. We performed a stratified survey of epiphytic lichen species pools on ten common tree species in three contrasting habitat types across 19 Estonian landscapes. The meta-pools were examined at local and regional scales. The response differences between two ecological subsets—common forest-dwellers and conservation indicators—were assessed. Tree species in parks and corridors hosted more lichen species than they did in production forests. For common forest-dwelling lichens the local species pool size was similar in all habitat types, while their regional pool was larger in forests and parks. On the contrary, for conservation indicator lichens the local pool size was the largest in corridors and regional pool size was the same in all habitats. Habitat type and tree species equally shaped the composition of the regional pool. Lichens were the most host-tree-specific in forests and had the widest host-tree niche in corridors. Broad-leaved tree species supported the largest regional species pools only in forest, while Betula and Pinus with Larix did in corridors. Lichen pools on Populus tremula were consistently the smallest. As the habitat quality of contemporary forests is too low for epiphytic lichens, cultural heritage sites should be considered as refugia in biodiversity conservation networks. Forestry and rural greening should emphasise stand diversification, ensuring the continuity of micro-habitats. Indicator lichen classifications require forest-oriented refinements.
中文翻译:
乡村景观附生地衣的生境和寄主特异性:作为避难所的文化遗产栖息地
我们假设许多附生地衣定居在人工文化遗产地的树木上,并在历史悠久的乡村景观中作为大型物种超集而持续存在,而附生生物多样性受到以木材为导向的森林经营的威胁。我们对爱沙尼亚19个景观的三种不同生境类型中的10种常见树种的附生地衣物种库进行了分层调查。元池在地方和区域范围内进行了检查。评估了两个生态子集(常见的森林居民和保护指标)之间的响应差异。公园和走廊中的树木种类比生产林中的地衣种类更多。对于常见的居住在森林中的地衣,在所有栖息地类型中,当地物种库的大小都相似,而在森林和公园中其区域库则更大。相反,对于保护指示性地衣而言,走廊上的当地水池规模最大,而所有生境中的区域水池规模都相同。栖息地类型和树木种类同样塑造了区域性水库的组成。地衣是森林中最主要的寄主树,在走廊中寄主树的生态位最广。阔叶树种仅在森林中支持最大的区域树种库,而桦木和松树与落叶松在走廊上。杨树上的地衣池一直是最小的。由于当代森林的生境质量对于附生的地衣而言太低,因此文化遗产应被视为生物多样性保护网络中的避难所。林业和农村绿化应强调林分多样化,确保微型生境的连续性。指示性地衣分类需要以森林为导向的改进。