Abstract

For 25 Li₂O–(75 − x) B₂O₃–x Bi₂O₃ (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 mol%) glasses, gamma-ray and neutrons attenuation features were explored by theoretical approach using ParShield/WinXCOM program, Geant4, and Penelope codes. At ¹³³Ba (276, 303, 356, and 384 keV), ²²Na (511 and 1280 keV), ¹³⁷Cs (662 keV), ⁵⁴Mn (835 keV), and ⁶⁰Co (1170 and 1330 keV) photon peaks, for all samples, mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), effective atomic number (Z_eff), effective electron density (N_eff), half-value layer (HVL), and mean free path (MFP) parameters have been evaluated using ParShield/WinXCOM program. The μ/ρ values computed by WinXCOM, Geant4, and Penelope codes were compared to check the accuracy, and satisfactory agreement among the values was identified. Moreover, using G–P fitting method as a function of penetration depth (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 mfp) within the photon energy range of 0.015–15 MeV, exposure buildup factor (EBF) and energy absorption buildup factor (EABF) were derived. For all selected glasses, the effectiveness of the neutrons attenuation has been discussed in terms of macroscopic effective removal cross-section (Σ_R), coherent scattering cross-section (σ_cs), incoherent scattering cross-section (σ_ics), absorption cross-section (σ_A), and total neutron cross-section (σ_T). The ‘σ_T’ values have been calculated within 10⁻⁴–10⁻⁸ MeV neutron energy range using the Geant4 code. The μ/ρ possessed larger values at the lowest energy and lower values at higher energy regions for all studied glasses. The μ/ρ, Z_eff, HVL, and MFP values showed enhanced γ-ray shielding capability with Bi₂O₃ content increment in the samples. The 25 Li₂O–35 B₂O₃–40 Bi₂O₃ (mol%) sample by having larger Z_eq and/or Z_eff value, faired lower EBF and EABF values. Largest μ/ρ and Z_eff, and minimal HVL, MFP, EBF, and EABF values of 25 Li₂O–35 B₂O₃–40 Bi₂O₃ (mol%) glass demonstrated its superior γ-ray attenuation ability among all examined glasses. Further, among all glasses, 25 Li₂O–75 B₂O₃ (mol%) sample exhibits relatively higher Σ_R (0.11326 cm⁻¹) and ‘σ_T’ (46.109 cm⁻¹ → 0.84607 cm⁻¹ from 1 × 10⁻⁸ MeV → 1×10⁻⁴ MeV neutron energy) values for fast and thermal neutrons attenuation, respectively, indicating its better neutrons absorption competence.

中文翻译：

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Li 2 O–B 2 O 3 –Bi 2 O 3眼镜：使用ParShield / WinXCOM程序以及Geant4和Penelope代码的伽马射线和中子衰减研究

摘要

对于25 Li ₂ O–（75 −  x）B ₂ O ₃ – x Bi ₂ O ₃（其中x  = 0、5、10、15、20、25、30、35和40 mol％）的玻璃，γ-使用ParShield / WinXCOM程序，Geant4和Penelope码，通过理论方法探索了射线和中子的衰减特征。在¹³³ Ba（276、303、356和384 keV），²² Na（511和1280 keV），¹³⁷ Cs（662 keV），⁵⁴ Mn（835 keV）和⁶⁰ Co（1170和1330 keV）的光子峰下，对于所有样品，质量衰减系数（μ / ρ），有效原子序数（Z _eff），有效电子密度（N _eff），半值层（HVL）和平均自由程（MFP）参数已使用ParShield / WinXCOM程序进行了评估。比较了WinXCOM，Geant4和Penelope代码计算出的μ / ρ值，以检查准确性，并确定了令人满意的一致性。此外，使用G –P拟合方法在0.015–15 MeV的光子能量范围内的穿透深度（1、5、10、15、20、25、30、35和40 mfp），曝光累积因子（EBF）和能量吸收的函数推导了堆积因子（EABF）。对于所有选择的眼镜，中子衰减的有效性已经被在宏观有效去除截面（来讨论Σ _[R ），相干散射截面（σ _CS），非相干散射截面（σ_集成电路），吸收横-section（σ_甲）和总中子截面（σ _Ť）。在“ σ _Ť ”值已经在10个计算^-4 使用Geant4代码的–10 ^-8 MeV中子能范围。对于所有研究的眼镜，μ / ρ在最低能量处具有较大的值，而在较高能量区域处具有较低的值。所述μ / ρ，Ž _EFF，HVL，和MFP值表现出增强的γ射线屏蔽能力的Bi ₂ ö ₃的样品中的含量增加。具有更大的Z _eq和/或Z _eff的25 Li ₂ O–35 B ₂ O ₃ –40 Bi ₂ O ₃（mol％）样品价值，较低的EBF和EABF值。25 Li ₂ O–35 B ₂ O ₃ –40 Bi ₂ O ₃（mol％）玻璃的最大μ / ρ和Z _eff，最小HVL，MFP，EBF和EABF值证明了其在γ射线衰减能力方面优于其他玻璃所有检查过的眼镜。此外，所有的眼镜，有25栗₂ -O-75乙₂ ö ₃（摩尔％）样品显示出相对较高的Σ _{- [R}（0.11326厘米^-1）和' σ _Ť '（46.109厘米^-1  →0.84607厘米^-1 1× 10^-8  MeV→1×10 ^-4  MeV中子能量）分别表示快中子和热中子的衰减，表明其更好的中子吸收能力。