Rigid polyurethane foams of significant renewable content (up to 50%) were produced using biomass biopolyols obtained previously via crude-glycerol mediated solvothermal liquefaction of three industrial biomass residue feedstocks: digested sewage sludge, hemp stalk hurds and sugar beet pulp (DSS, HSH and SBP), and commercial diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The produced foams exhibited higher apparent densities 43–160 kg/m³ and compressive strengths 34–254 kPa compared to tested commercial analogues. Varying foam formulation isocyanate-to-hydroxyl group ratios and blending biomass biopolyols with blank crude glycerol biopolyols led to lighter and less strong products. Blank crude glycerol and DSS biopolyol foams exhibited slowest water absorption rates. Biopolyol foams exhibited higher thermal stability and the non-flame retarded foams showed lower potential for fire spread due to lower pyrolysis gas combustion heat release rates and total released amounts of heat. In terms of fire toxicity, biopolyol foams are suspected to be slightly less toxic than typical commercial PU rigid foams (CO and HCN yields of 172.2 and 6.19 mg/g, respectively), still generating significant amounts of irritant smoke in under-ventilated flaming fire scenarios. The products were stable dimensionally (below 1% elongation) and moderately biodegradable (specific rates of 0.25–0.53%/month). Overall, the foams produced show promise as sustainable alternatives in applications such as domestic construction filler foams, where low density is not crucial but fire safety is of utmost importance.

使用先前通过粗甘油介导的三种工业生物质残渣原料的溶剂热液化获得的生物质生物多元醇，生产出具有可再生含量高（高达50％）的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料：消化的污水污泥，大麻茎秆和甜菜浆（DSS，HSH和SBP）和商用二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。产生的泡沫表现出更高的表观密度43–160 kg / m ³与经测试的商业类似物相比，其抗压强度为34–254 kPa。改变泡沫配方中异氰酸酯与羟基的比例，以及将生物质生物多元醇与空白的粗制甘油生物多元醇混合，可生产出重量更轻，强度更低的产品。空白的粗甘油和DSS生物多元醇泡沫的吸水率最慢。生物多元醇泡沫表现出较高的热稳定性，而非阻燃泡沫由于较低的热解气体燃烧放热率和总释放热量而显示出较低的着火可能性。就着火毒性而言，怀疑生物多元醇泡沫的毒性比典型的商用PU硬质泡沫（CO和HCN分别产生172.2 mg / g和6.19 mg / g的量），在通风不足的明火情况下仍会产生大量刺激性烟雾。产品尺寸稳定（伸长率低于1％），可生物降解程度适中（比重为0.25-0.53％/月）。总体而言，所生产的泡沫在诸如家用建筑填充泡沫等应用中显示出可作为可持续替代品的潜力，在这些应用中，低密度不是至关重要的，但防火安全至关重要。