Our ability to predict invasions has been hindered by the seemingly idiosyncratic context-dependency of individual invasions. However, we argue that robust and useful generalisations in invasion science can be made by considering “invasion syndromes” which we define as “a combination of pathways, alien species traits, and characteristics of the recipient ecosystem which collectively result in predictable dynamics and impacts, and that can be managed effectively using specific policy and management actions”. We describe this approach and outline examples that highlight its utility, including: cacti with clonal fragmentation in arid ecosystems; small aquatic organisms introduced through ballast water in harbours; large ranid frogs with frequent secondary transfers; piscivorous freshwater fishes in connected aquatic ecosystems; plant invasions in high-elevation areas; tall-statured grasses; and tree-feeding insects in forests with suitable hosts. We propose a systematic method for identifying and delimiting invasion syndromes. We argue that invasion syndromes can account for the context-dependency of biological invasions while incorporating insights from comparative studies. Adopting this approach will help to structure thinking, identify transferrable risk assessment and management lessons, and highlight similarities among events that were previously considered disparate invasion phenomena.

我们预测入侵的能力已因个人入侵的看似特质的上下文依赖性而受到阻碍。但是，我们认为，可以通过考虑“入侵综合症”来对入侵科学进行强大而有用的概括，我们将“入侵综合症”定义为“途径，外来物种特征和受体生态系统特征的组合，共同导致可预测的动态和影响，而且可以使用特定的政策和管理措施对其进行有效管理”。我们描述了这种方法并概述了突出其实用性的示例，包括：干旱生态系统中具有克隆碎片的仙人掌；通过压载水引入港口的小型水生生物；经常二次转移的大型蛙蛙；相连的水生生态系统中的食鱼淡水鱼；高海拔地区的植物入侵；高高的草 以及有适当寄主的森林中的树木喂食昆虫。我们提出了一种识别和划定入侵综合征的系统方法。我们认为入侵综合症可以解释生物学入侵的背景依赖性，同时纳入比较研究的见解。采用这种方法将有助于结构化思考，确定可转移的风险评估和管理课程，并突出显示以前被视为完全不同的入侵现象的事件之间的相似性。我们认为入侵综合症可以解释生物学入侵的背景依赖性，同时纳入比较研究的见解。采用这种方法将有助于结构化思考，确定可转移的风险评估和管理课程，并突出显示以前被视为完全不同的入侵现象的事件之间的相似性。我们认为入侵综合症可以解释生物学入侵的背景依赖性，同时纳入比较研究的见解。采用这种方法将有助于结构化思考，确定可转移的风险评估和管理课程，并突出显示以前被视为完全不同的入侵现象的事件之间的相似性。