Panax ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine with significant pharmaceutical effects and broad application. Rare ginsenosides with high antitumor activities can be generated via oriented modification of their glycosyl moiety. For this purpose, suitable microorganisms and their enzymatic systems can be used. In this review, we address several issues associated with these systems. Under aerobic conditions, fungus biotransformation provides an efficient and inexpensive biotransformation process that can be easily scaled up. Considering the profound use of probiotics, wild strains generally recognized as safe have shown a potential through classical fermentation in food manufacturers of deglycosylated ginsenosides. Commonly applied recombinant enzymes from E. coli, especially recombinant hyperthermophilic enzymes, showed efficient conversion in biomedical or pharmaceutical industries. In this review, key genes dedicated to the production of ginsenosides (especially in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) are highlighted in relation to the large-scale production of ginsenosides. We also evaluate biocatalytic strategies that are aimed to improve product specificity and biocatalytic efficiency with industrial applications. Perspectives of protein engineering and solvent engineering in the development and large-scale preparation of ginsenosides in anticancer drugs, food and health care products are explored. KEY POINTS : • Modification of ginsenosides with food/engineered microorganisms is summarized. • Optimization of cell factories by protein engineering remains challenging. • Solvent engineering offers an attractive potential alternative.

中文翻译：

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使用糖苷酶生产人参皂苷的生物催化策略：现状和观点。

人参是具有显着药学作用和广泛应用的中药。可以通过对其糖基部分进行定向修饰来生成具有高抗肿瘤活性的稀有人参皂苷。为此目的，可以使用合适的微生物及其酶系统。在这篇评论中，我们解决了与这些系统相关的几个问题。在有氧条件下，真菌的生物转化提供了一种高效且廉价的生物转化过程，可以轻松地扩大规模。考虑到益生菌的广泛使用，通常被认为是安全的野生菌株通过脱糖基人参皂苷的食品生产商的经典发酵表现出了潜力。来自大肠杆菌的常用重组酶，特别是重组超嗜热酶，显示出在生物医学或制药行业的有效转化。在这篇综述中，与人参皂苷的大规模生产有关的重点突出了致力于人参皂苷生产的关键基因（尤其是酿酒酵母中）。我们还将评估旨在通过工业应用提高产品特异性和生物催化效率的生物催化策略。探索了在抗癌药，食品和保健品中人参皂苷的开发和大规模制备中蛋白质工程和溶剂工程的前景。要点：•总结了用食品/工程微生物修饰人参皂苷的方法。•通过蛋白质工程优化细胞工厂仍然具有挑战性。•溶剂工程提供了有吸引力的潜在替代方案。