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The broad spectrum antiviral ivermectin targets the host nuclear transport importin α/β1 heterodimer.
Antiviral Research ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104760
Sundy N Y Yang 1 , Sarah C Atkinson 2 , Chunxiao Wang 1 , Alexander Lee 1 , Marie A Bogoyevitch 3 , Natalie A Borg 2 , David A Jans 1
Affiliation  

Infection by RNA viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, influenza, and dengue virus (DENV) represent a major burden for human health worldwide. Although RNA viruses replicate in the infected host cell cytoplasm, the nucleus is central to key stages of the infectious cycle of HIV-1 and influenza, and an important target of DENV nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) in limiting the host antiviral response. We previously identified the small molecule ivermectin as an inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase nuclear entry, subsequently showing ivermectin could inhibit DENV NS5 nuclear import, as well as limit infection by viruses such as HIV-1 and DENV. We show here that ivermectin's broad spectrum antiviral activity relates to its ability to target the host importin (IMP) α/β1 nuclear transport proteins responsible for nuclear entry of cargoes such as integrase and NS5. We establish for the first time that ivermectin can dissociate the preformed IMPα/β1 heterodimer, as well as prevent its formation, through binding to the IMPα armadillo (ARM) repeat domain to impact IMPα thermal stability and α-helicity. We show that ivermectin inhibits NS5-IMPα interaction in a cell context using quantitative bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Finally, we show for the first time that ivermectin can limit infection by the DENV-related West Nile virus at low (μM) concentrations. Since it is FDA approved for parasitic indications, ivermectin merits closer consideration as a broad spectrum antiviral of interest.

中文翻译:

广谱抗病毒伊维菌素靶向宿主核转运输入蛋白α/β1异二聚体。

RNA病毒(例如人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)-1,流感和登革热病毒(DENV))的感染代表着全世界人类健康的主要负担。尽管RNA病毒在受感染的宿主细胞质中复制,但细胞核是HIV-1和流感病毒感染周期关键阶段的核心,也是DENV非结构蛋白5(NS5)限制宿主抗病毒反应的重要靶标。我们先前确定小分子伊维菌素是HIV-1整合酶核进入的抑制剂,随后表明伊维菌素可以抑制DENV NS5核的进口,并限制病毒如HIV-1和DENV的感染。我们在这里显示伊维菌素 其广谱抗病毒活性与其靶向宿主货物(IMP)α/β1核转运蛋白的能力有关,该蛋白质负责货物的核进入,例如整合酶和NS5。我们首次确定伊维菌素可通过与IMPα犰狳(ARM)重复域结合从而影响IMPα热稳定性和α-螺旋性,从而解离预先形成的IMPα/β1异二聚体,并阻止其形成。我们显示伊维菌素抑制细胞中使用定量双分子荧光互补的NS5-IMPα相互作用。最后,我们首次证明伊维菌素可以在低(μM)浓度下限制DENV相关的西尼罗河病毒的感染。由于它已被FDA批准用于寄生虫适应症,因此伊维菌素作为一种广谱的抗病毒药物值得进一步考虑。我们首次确定伊维菌素可以通过与IMPα犰狳(ARM)重复域结合从而影响IMPα热稳定性和α-螺旋性,从而解离预先形成的IMPα/β1异二聚体,并阻止其形成。我们显示伊维菌素抑制细胞中使用定量双分子荧光互补的NS5-IMPα相互作用。最后,我们首次证明伊维菌素可以在低(μM)浓度下限制DENV相关的西尼罗河病毒的感染。由于它已被FDA批准用于寄生虫适应症,因此伊维菌素作为更广泛的抗病毒药物值得进一步考虑。我们首次确定伊维菌素可通过与IMPα犰狳(ARM)重复域结合从而影响IMPα热稳定性和α-螺旋性,从而解离预先形成的IMPα/β1异二聚体,并阻止其形成。我们显示伊维菌素抑制细胞中使用定量双分子荧光互补的NS5-IMPα相互作用。最后,我们首次证明伊维菌素可以在低(μM)浓度下限制DENV相关的西尼罗河病毒的感染。由于它已被FDA批准用于寄生虫适应症,因此伊维菌素作为更广泛的抗病毒药物值得进一步考虑。通过结合IMPAD犰狳(ARM)重复域来影响IMPα的热稳定性和α-螺旋度。我们显示伊维菌素抑制细胞中使用定量双分子荧光互补的NS5-IMPα相互作用。最后,我们首次证明伊维菌素可以在低(μM)浓度下限制DENV相关的西尼罗河病毒的感染。由于它已被FDA批准用于寄生虫适应症,因此伊维菌素作为一种广谱的抗病毒药物值得进一步考虑。通过结合IMPAD犰狳(ARM)重复域来影响IMPα的热稳定性和α-螺旋度。我们显示伊维菌素抑制细胞中使用定量双分子荧光互补的NS5-IMPα相互作用。最后,我们首次证明伊维菌素可以在低(μM)浓度下限制DENV相关的西尼罗河病毒的感染。由于它已被FDA批准用于寄生虫适应症,因此伊维菌素作为更广泛的抗病毒药物值得进一步考虑。
更新日期:2020-03-03
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