The gekkonid genus Cyrtodactylus is a highly diverse group of lizards (280 + species), which covers an expansive geographic range. Although this genus has been the focus of many taxonomic and molecular systematic studies, species on the Southeast Asian island of Borneo have remained understudied, leading to an unclear evolutionary history with cascading effects on taxonomy and biogeographic inferences. We assembled the most comprehensive multilocus Bornean dataset (one mitochondrial and three nuclear loci) that included 129 novel sequences and representatives from each known Cyrtodactylus species on the island to validate taxonomic status, assess species diversity, and elucidate biogeographic patterns. Our results uncovered a high proportion of cryptic diversity and revealed numerous taxonomic complications, especially within the C. consobrinus, C. malayanus, and C. pubisulcus groups. Comparisons of pairwise genetic distances and a preliminary species delimitation analysis using the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) method demonstrated that some wide-ranging species on Borneo likely comprise multiple distinct and deeply divergent lineages, each with more restricted distributional ranges. We also tested the prevailing biogeographic hypothesis of a single invasion from Borneo into the Philippines. Our analyses revealed that Philippine taxa were not monophyletic, but were likely derived from multiple separate invasions into the geopolitical areas comprising the Philippines. Although our investigation of Bornean Cyrtodactylus is the most comprehensive to-date, it highlights the need for expanded taxonomic sampling and suggests that our knowledge of the evolutionary history, systematics, and biogeography of Bornean Cyrtodactylus is far from complete.

中文翻译：

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婆罗洲弯曲趾壁虎（Gekkonidae：Cyrtodactylus）的多位系统发育揭示了隐藏的多样性，分类混乱和新颖的生物地理格局。

角鲨科的角鲨科是一组高度多样化的蜥蜴（280多种），涵盖了广阔的地理范围。尽管该属一直是许多分类学和分子系统研究的重点，但对东南亚婆罗洲岛上的物种仍未进行充分的研究，从而导致了不清楚的进化历史，对分类学和生物地理学的推断具有连锁效应。我们组装了最全面的多座位婆罗洲数据集（一个线粒体和三个核基因座），其中包括129个新颖的序列以及该岛上每个已知的猕猴属物种的代表，以验证分类学地位，评估物种多样性并阐明生物地理格局。我们的研究结果揭示了很大一部分的隐秘多样性，并揭示了许多分类学上的复杂性，尤其是在C. consobrinus，C.内。马来西亚人和耻骨假单胞菌组。成对遗传距离的比较和使用自动条形码差距发现（ABGD）方法进行的初步物种定界分析表明，婆罗洲上的一些大范围物种可能包含多个不同且深度分歧的谱系，每个谱系的分布范围受到限制。我们还测试了婆罗洲一次入侵菲律宾的普遍生物地理假说。我们的分析表明，菲律宾的生物分类不是单系的，而是可能源于对菲律宾的地缘政治地区的多次单独入侵。尽管我们对婆罗洲猕猴的研究是迄今为止最全面的研究，但它强调了扩大分类学抽样的必要性，并表明我们对进化史，系统学，