Ectopic 'humanized ossicles' (hOss) are miniaturized, engineered human bone organs in mice displaying a similar structure and function to native mouse bones. However, they are composed of human mesenchymal derived cells forming a humanized bone marrow niche. This in vivo reconstitution of human skeletal and hematopoietic compartments provides an opportunity to investigate the cellular and molecular processes involved in their establishment and functions in a human setting. However, current hOs strategies vary in their engineering methods and their downstream applications, undermining comprehensive exploitation of their potential. This review describes the specificities of the hOs models and highlights their potential and limits. Ultimately, we propose directions for the development of hOss as a technological platform for human hematopoietic studies.

异位“人性小骨”（hOss）是小鼠中的微型化，经过工程改造的人骨器官，显示出与天然小鼠骨骼相似的结构和功能。但是，它们由人间充质来源的细胞组成，形成人源化的骨髓生境。这种体内人体骨骼和造血细胞室的重建提供了一个机会，以研究参与其在人类环境中的建立和功能的细胞和分子过程。但是，当前的人类住户战略在其工程方法和下游应用方面各不相同，从而破坏了对其潜力的综合利用。这篇综述描述了hOs模型的特殊性，并强调了它们的潜力和局限性。最终，我们提出了将hOss作为人类造血研究技术平台的发展方向。