Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Early detection and disease management lead to a better survival rate. Consequently, discovery of novel methods in cancer early diagnosis is a field of active research. Minimally invasive liquid biopsies are generating growing interest. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have been identified in patients’ blood; nevertheless, these cells are rare and heterogeneous. Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles released into the extracellular environment via the endosomal vesicle pathway and found in different body fluids. Exosomes deliver bioactive cargo such as proteins, mRNA and miRNA to recipient cells in the tumour environment. We have recently shown that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is detected in the membrane of tumour-derived exosomes, in contrast to normal cells. One single cancer cell can release thousands of HSP70-exosomes, facilitating detection. The aim of the pilot study ExoDiag is to determine whether it is possible to detect and quantify HSP70-exosomes in blood in patients with solid cancers. Bicentric pilot study that will include 60 adult patients with metastatic and non-metastatic solid tumours and 20 healthy volunteers. Exosomes will be isolated from blood and urine samples, and HSP70 concentration will be determined. Patients will be followed for 1 year. The study is sponsored by Georges-François Leclerc Centre and is currently ongoing. We expect to demonstrate that HSP70-exosomes could be a powerful tool to diagnose cancer and to guide clinicians in therapeutic decision-making, improving patient’s care. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02662621. Registered 20 January 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT02662621?term=NCT02662621&rank=1

中文翻译：

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膜结合外泌体 HSP70 作为检测和监测恶性实体瘤的生物标志物：一项初步研究

癌症是全球第二大死亡原因。早期发现和疾病管理可以提高生存率。因此，发现癌症早期诊断的新方法是一个活跃的研究领域。微创液体活检正在引起越来越多的兴趣。已在患者血液中鉴定出循环肿瘤细胞 (CTC)；然而，这些细胞是稀有且异质的。外泌体是通过内体囊泡途径释放到细胞外环境中的细胞外纳米囊泡，存在于不同的体液中。外泌体将蛋白质、mRNA 和 miRNA 等生物活性货物运送到肿瘤环境中的受体细胞。我们最近表明，与正常细胞相比，在肿瘤衍生外泌体的膜中检测到热休克蛋白 70 (HSP70)。一个癌细胞可以释放数千个 HSP70 外泌体，便于检测。ExoDiag 试点研究的目的是确定是否有可能检测和量化实体癌患者血液中的 HSP70 外泌体。双中心试点研究将包括 60 名患有转移性和非转移性实体瘤的成年患者和 20 名健康志愿者。将从血液和尿液样本中分离外泌体，并测定 HSP70 浓度。患者将被随访 1 年。该研究由 Georges-François Leclerc 中心赞助，目前正在进行中。我们希望证明 HSP70 外泌体可以成为诊断癌症和指导临床医生进行治疗决策、改善患者护理的有力工具。ClinicalTrials.gov 标识符 NCT02662621。2016 年 1 月 20 日注册，https：